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Table 2 Mean baseline and 6-month scores for cognitive function and brain MRI and the mean within group changes and net between groups differences for the change over time

From: Feasibility of a multi-modal exercise program on cognition in older adults with Type 2 diabetes – a pilot randomised controlled trial

Outcome

ART group

Control Group

Between-group differencea

Baseline

6-months

Change

Baseline

6-months

Change

Mean (SE)

Mean (SE)

Mean (95% CI)

Mean (SE)

Mean (SE)

Mean (95%CI)

Mean (95% CI)

Cognitive global score

0.06

0.11

0.20

0.11

0.14

0.02,0.27

−0.06

0.12

−0.08

0.12

−0.01

−0.14,0.12

0.16

−0.02, 0.34

 RCF copy

27.6

0.9

27.4

0.9

−0.2

−1.8, 1.5

26.2

0.9

25.9

0.9

−0.3

−2.03,1.4

0.2

−2.1, 2.6

 RCF delay

14.8

1.0

16.0

1.0

1.3

−0.2, 2.8

13.9

1.0

15.5

1.00

1.6

0.03, 3.1

−0.3

−2.5, 1.8

 Stroop C-D

16.7

1.8

12.9

1.9

−3.8

−7.1, −0.5

20.1

1.9

18.3

1.9

−1.8

−5.1, 1.6

−2.1

−6.7, 2.6

 Trails B-A

40.2

4.5

31.5

4.7

−8.7

−17.9,0.5

38.2

4.7

33.8

4.8

−4.3

−13.8,5.1

−4.4

−17.7, 9.0

 DSC

58.6

2.6

60.8

2.6

2.2

0.2, 4.2

56.1

2.7

56.1

2.7

0.0

−2.1,2.1

2.3

−0.6, 5.2

 Digit span

19.2

0.7

18.2

0.7

−1.0

−1.9,-0.1

19.9

0.7

20.6

0.7

0.7

−0.2,1.6

−1.7

−3.0, −0.5

 Hopkins I

26.1

0.9

26.8

0.9

0.7

−0.9,2.2

27.0

0.9

27.3

1.0

0.3

0.-1.3,1.9

0.4

−1.9, 2.7

 Hopkins D

9.4

0.4

9.5

0.5

0.1

−0.7,0.9

9.0

0.5

9.2

0.5

0.2

−0.6, 1.0

−0.1

−1.2, 1.0

 Hopkins R

10.7

0.2

10.5

0.2

−0.2

−0.7,0.4

10.7

0.2

10.1

0.2

−0.6

−1.1,-0.0

0.5

−0.3, 1.2

 COWAT word

40.7

2.5

43.7

2.5

3.1

0.4,5.7

38.3

2.6

39.7

2.6

1.4

−1.3,4.1

1.7

−2.0, 5.4

 COWAT Category

21.0

0.9

20.1

0.9

−0.9

−2.6,0.8

18.7

1.0

19.3

1.0

0.6

−1.1,2.4

−1.5

−3.9, 1.0

MRI brain

 Total brain

1128.5

28.6

1130.1

28.6

1.6

−2.3,5.5

1176.14

28.55

1175.7

28.6

−0.5

−4.4,3.4

1.9

−3.7,7.4

 White matter

742.2

34.7

741.1

34.7

−1.1

−9.9,7.7

814.46

34.66

808.7

34.7

−5.8

−14.6,3.1

4.3

−8.4,17.0

 C-thickness

3.8

0.1

3.8

0.1

0.0

−0.1,1.1

3.43

0.13

3.5

0.1

0.1

−0.0,0.2

−0.0

−0.2,0.1

 Hippocampal

6.9

0.1

7.0

0.1

0.10

−0.01,0.20

7.2

0.14

7.1

0.1

−0.02

−0.12,0.08

0.13

−0.03, 0.29

 White FA

0.408

0.004

0.412

0.004

0.002

−0.002,0.006

0.406

0.004

0.399

.005

−0.007

−0.012,-0.003

0.009

0.003, 0.016

 White MD

0.001

0.000

0.001

0.000

−0.000

−0.000,0.000

0.001

0.000

0.001

0.000

−0.000

−0.000,0.000

−0.000

0.000,0.000

  1. RCF Rey Complex Figure, DSC digit symbol coding, Hopkins (I-immediate, D delay, R recall), COWAT Controlled Oral Word Association Test, C-thickness cortical thickness, FA fractional anisotrophy, MD mean diffusion, Stroop and Trails:higher scores poorer performance
  2. aadjusted for age, sex and education (brain measures also adjusted for intracranial volume)