Table 2 Respondent characteristics by living arrangements for women (NÂ =Â 6868)
Variables and categories | Total | With spouse | With non-spousal cohabitants | Living alone | Â |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | p a | |
Living arrangements | |||||
 Living with spouse | 3716 (54.1) | ― | ― | ― | ― |
 Living with non-spousal cohabitants | 2076 (30.2) | ― | ― | ― | ― |
 Living alone | 1076 (15.7) | ― | ― | ― | ― |
Age | |||||
 65–69 | 2417 (35.2) | 1724 (46.4) | 426 (20.5) | 267 (24.8) | p < .001 |
 70–74 | 1993 (29.0) | 1171 (31.5) | 480 (23.1) | 342 (31.8) |  |
 75–79 | 1433 (20.9) | 632 (17.0) | 536 (25.8) | 265 (24.6) |  |
 80–84 | 701 (10.2) | 166 (4.5) | 388 (18.7) | 147 (13.7) |  |
 85 and older | 324 (4.7) | 23 (0.6) | 246 (11.8) | 55 (5.1) |  |
Years of education | |||||
  < 10 | 4294 (62.5) | 2227 (59.9) | 1430 (68.9) | 637 (59.2) | p < .001 |
  ≥ 10 | 2495 (36.3) | 1460 (39.3) | 614 (29.6) | 421 (39.1) |  |
 Missing | 79 (1.2) | 29 (0.8) | 32 (1.5) | 18 (1.7) |  |
Household income | |||||
 Low | 2257 (32.9) | 1276 (34.3) | 539 (26.0) | 442 (41.1) | p < .001 |
 Middle | 2269 (33.0) | 1498 (40.3) | 545 (26.3) | 226 (21.0) |  |
 High | 637 (9.3) | 330 (8.9) | 279 (13.4) | 28 (2.6) |  |
 Missing | 1705 (24.8) | 612 (16.5) | 713 (34.3) | 380 (35.3) |  |
Self-rated health | |||||
 Excellent/good | 4994 (72.7) | 2721 (73.2) | 1493 (71.9) | 780 (72.5) | p = .118 |
 Fair/poor | 1752 (25.5) | 941 (25.3) | 533 (25.7) | 278 (25.8) |  |
 Missing | 122 (1.8) | 54 (1.5) | 50 (2.4) | 18 (1.7) |  |
Presence of illness | |||||
 No | 1124 (16.4) | 649 (17.5) | 326 (15.7) | 149 (13.8) | p = .013 |
 Yes | 5393 (78.5) | 2896 (77.9) | 1628 (78.4) | 869 (80.8) |  |
 Missing | 351 (5.1) | 171 (4.6) | 122 (5.9) | 58 (5.4) |  |
Geriatric Depression Scale | |||||
 No depression | 3961 (57.7) | 2243 (60.4) | 1180 (56.8) | 538 (50.0) | p < .001 |
 Depressive tendency | 1319 (19.2) | 699 (18.8) | 376 (18.1) | 244 (22.7) |  |
 Depression | 384 (5.6) | 187 (5.0) | 128 (6.2) | 69 (6.4) |  |
 Missing | 1204 (17.5) | 587 (15.8) | 392 (18.9) | 225 (20.9) |  |
Instrumental activities of daily living | |||||
 Without difficulty | 5630 (82.0) | 3229 (86.9) | 1474 (71.0) | 927 (86.2) | p < .001 |
 With difficulty | 1010 (14.7) | 386 (10.3) | 506 (24.4) | 118 (11.0) |  |
 Missing | 228 (3.3) | 101 (2.5) | 96 (4.6) | 31 (2.9) |  |
Subjective cognitive complaints | |||||
 No | 5673 (82.6) | 3179 (85.5) | 1601 (77.1) | 893 (83.0) | p < .001 |
 Yes | 1035 (15.1) | 464 (12.5) | 414 (19.9) | 157 (14.6) |  |
 Missing | 160 (2.3) | 73 (1.9) | 61 (2.9) | 26 (2.4) |  |
Body mass index | |||||
  < 18.5 | 531 (7.7) | 245 (6.6) | 190 (9.2) | 96 (8.9) | p < .001 |
 18.5–24.9 | 4497 (65.5) | 2498 (67.2) | 1289 (62.1) | 710 (66.0) |  |
  ≥ 25 | 1523 (22.2) | 860 (23.1) | 452 (21.8) | 211 (19.6) |  |
 Missing | 317 (4.6) | 113 (3.0) | 145 (7.0) | 59 (5.5) |  |
Alcohol consumption | |||||
 No | 5882 (85.6) | 3157 (85.0) | 1818 (87.6) | 907 (84.3) | p < .001 |
 Yes | 848 (12.3) | 508 (13.7) | 202 (9.7) | 138 (12.8) |  |
 Missing | 138 (2.0) | 51 (1.4) | 56 (2.7) | 31 (2.9) |  |
Smoking habit | |||||
 None | 6176 (89.9) | 3387 (91.13) | 1845 (88.9) | 944 (87.7) | p < .001 |
 Past/current | 411 (6.0) | 206 (5.5) | 122 (5.9) | 83 (7.7) |  |
 Missing | 281 (4.1) | 123 (3.3) | 109 (5.3) | 49 (4.6) |  |
Daily walking time | |||||
  ≥ 30 min | 3768 (54.9) | 2078 (55.9) | 1133 (54.6) | 557 (51.8) | p = .015 |
  < 30 min | 2187 (31.8) | 1147 (30.9) | 651 (31.4) | 389 (36.2) |  |
 Missing | 913 (13.3) | 491 (13.2) | 292 (14.1) | 130 (12.1) |  |
Emotional support received | |||||
 Yes | 6189 (90.1) | 3402 (91.6) | 1856 (89.4) | 931 (86.5) | p < .001 |
 No | 402 (5.9) | 183 (4.9) | 119 (5.7) | 100 (9.3) |  |
 Missing | 277 (4.0) | 131 (3.5) | 101 (4.9) | 45 (4.2) |  |
Emotional support provided | |||||
 Yes | 5587 (81.3) | 3155 (84.9) | 1566 (75.4) | 866 (80.5) | p < .001 |
 No | 887 (12.9) | 385 (10.4) | 363 (17.5) | 139 (12.9) |  |
 Missing | 394 (5.7) | 176 (4.7) | 147 (7.1) | 71 (6.6) |  |
Instrumental support received | |||||
 Yes | 6119 (89.1) | 3415 (91.9) | 1868 (90.0) | 836 (77.7) | p < .001 |
 No | 502 (7.3) | 180 (4.8) | 125 (6.0) | 197 (18.3) |  |
 Missing | 247 (3.6) | 121 (3.3) | 83 (4.0) | 43 (4.0) |  |
Instrumental support provided | |||||
 Yes | 5996 (87.3) | 3440 (92.6) | 1732 (83.4) | 824 (76.6) | p < .001 |
 No | 496 (7.2) | 120 (3.2) | 205 (9.9) | 171 (15.9) |  |
 Missing | 376 (5.5) | 156 (4.2) | 139 (6.7) | 81 (7.5) |  |