Table 1 Respondent characteristics by living arrangements for men (NÂ =Â 6600)
Variables and categories | Total | With spouse | With non-spousal cohabitants | Living alone | Â |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | p a | |
Living arrangements | |||||
 Living with spouse | 5645 (85.5) | ― | ― | ― | ― |
 Living with non-spousal cohabitants | 677 (10.3) | ― | ― | ― | ― |
 Living alone | 278 (4.2) | ― | ― | ― | ― |
Age | |||||
 65–69 | 2567 (38.9) | 2308 (40.9) | 173 (25.6) | 86 (30.9) | p < .001 |
 70–74 | 2044 (31.0) | 1767 (31.3) | 191 (28.2) | 86 (30.9) |  |
 75–79 | 1275 (19.3) | 1048 (18.6) | 159 (23.5) | 68 (24.5) |  |
 80–84 | 526 (8.0) | 409 (7.2) | 94 (13.9) | 23 (8.3) |  |
 85 and older | 188 (2.8) | 113 (2.0) | 60 (8.9) | 15 (5.4) |  |
Years of education | |||||
  < 10 | 3603 (54.6) | 2991 (53.0) | 458 (67.7) | 154 (55.4) | p < .001 |
  ≥ 10 | 2950 (44.7) | 2618 (46.4) | 211 (31.2) | 121 (43.5) |  |
 Missing | 47 (0.7) | 36 (0.6) | 8 (1.2) | 3 (1.1) |  |
Household income | |||||
 Low | 2263 (34.3) | 1981 (35.1) | 204 (30.1) | 78 (28.1) | p < .001 |
 Middle | 3022 (45.8) | 2633 (46.6) | 267 (39.4) | 122 (43.9) |  |
 High | 731 (11.1) | 616 (10.9) | 95 (14.0) | 20 (7.2) |  |
 Missing | 54 (8.8) | 415 (7.4) | 111 (16.4) | 58 (20.9) |  |
Self-rated health | |||||
 Excellent/good | 4879 (73.9) | 4229 (74.9) | 453 (66.9) | 197 (70.9) | p < .001 |
 Fair/poor | 1659 (25.1) | 1370 (24.3) | 211 (31.2) | 78 (28.1) |  |
 Missing | 62 (0.9) | 46 (0.8) | 13 (1.9) | 3 (1.1) |  |
Presence of illness | |||||
 No | 1204 (18.2) | 1036 (18.4) | 115 (17.0) | 53 (19.1) | p = .239 |
 Yes | 5181 (78.5) | 4436 (78.6) | 531 (78.4) | 214 (77.0) |  |
 Missing | 215 (3.3) | 173 (3.1) | 31 (4.6) | 11 (4.0) |  |
Geriatric Depression Scale | |||||
 No depression | 4304 (65.2) | 3784 (67.0) | 398 (58.8) | 122 (43.9) | p < .001 |
 Depressive tendency | 1264 (19.2) | 1037 (18.4) | 153 (22.6) | 74 (26.6) |  |
 Depression | 364 (5.5) | 273 (4.8) | 51 (7.5) | 40 (14.4) |  |
 Missing | 668 (10.1) | 551 (9.8) | 75 (11.1) | 42 (15.1) |  |
Instrumental activities of daily living | |||||
 Without difficulty | 4935(74.8) | 4212 (74.7) | 483 (71.3) | 238 (85.6) | p < .001 |
 With difficulty | 1455 (22.0) | 1256 (22.2) | 165 (23.8) | 34 (12.2) |  |
 Missing | 210 (3.2) | 175 (3.0) | 29 (4.3) | 6 (2.2) |  |
Subjective cognitive complaints | |||||
 No | 5597 (84.8) | 4811 (85.2) | 549 (81.1) | 237 (85.3) | p = .023 |
 Yes | 891 (13.5) | 737 (13.1) | 114 (16.8) | 40 (14.4) |  |
 Missing | 112 (1.7) | 97 (1.7) | 14 (2.1) | 1 (0.4) |  |
Body mass index | |||||
  < 18.5 | 435 (6.6) | 337 (6.0) | 71 (10.5) | 27 (9.7) | p < .001 |
 18.5–24.9 | 4685 (71.0) | 4036 (71.5) | 454 (67.1) | 195 (70.1) |  |
  ≥ 25 | 1320 (20.0) | 1147 (20.3) | 125 (18.5) | 48 (17.3) |  |
 Missing | 160 (2.4) | 125 (2.2) | 27 (4.0) | 8 (2.9) |  |
Alcohol consumption | |||||
 No | 2700 (40.9) | 2258 (40.0) | 317 (46.8) | 125 (45.0) | p = .007 |
 Yes | 3812 (57.8) | 3312 (58.7) | 350 (51.7) | 150 (54.0) |  |
 Missing | 88 (1.3) | 75 (1.3) | 10 (1.5) | 3 (1.1) |  |
Smoking habit | |||||
 None | 1737 (26.3) | 1494 (26.5) | 174 (25.7) | 69 (24.8) | p = .073 |
 Past/current | 4657 (70.6) | 3989 (70.7) | 473 (69.9) | 195 (70.1) |  |
 Missing | 206 (3.1) | 162 (2.9) | 30 (4.4) | 14 (5.0) |  |
Daily walking time | |||||
  ≥ 30 min | 4105 (62.2) | 3556 (630) | 383 (56.6) | 166 (59.7) | p = .015 |
  < 30 min | 2069 (31.3) | 1735 (30.7) | 239 (35.3) | 95 (34.2) |  |
 Missing | 426 (6.5) | 354 (6.3) | 55 (8.1) | 17 (6.1) |  |
Emotional support received | |||||
 Yes | 5471 (82.9) | 4776 (84.6) | 505 (74.6) | 190 (68.3) | p < .001 |
 No | 858 (13.0) | 657 (11.6) | 126 (18.6) | 75 (27.0) |  |
 Missing | 271 (4.1) | 212 (3.8) | 46 (6.8) | 13 (4.7) |  |
Emotional support provided | |||||
 Yes | 5179 (78.5) | 4532 (80.3) | 469 (69.3) | 178 (64.0) | p < .001 |
 No | 1113 (16.9) | 866 (15.3) | 163 (24.1) | 84 (30.2) |  |
 Missing | 308 (4.7) | 247 (4.4) | 45 (6.6) | 16 (5.8) |  |
Instrumental support received | |||||
 Yes | 6157 (933) | 5369 (95.1) | 610 (90.1) | 178 (64.0) | p < .001 |
 No | 239 (3.6) | 110 (1.9) | 41 (6.1) | 88 (31.7) |  |
 Missing | 204 (3.1) | 166 (2.9) | 26 (3.8) | 12 (4.3) |  |
Instrumental support provided | |||||
 Yes | 5904 (89.5) | 5221 (92.5) | 518 (76.5) | 165 (59.4) | p < .001 |
 No | 435 (6.6) | 223 (4.0) | 116 (17.1) | 96 (34.5) |  |
 Missing | 261 (4.0) | 201 (3.6) | 43 (6.4) | 17 (6.1) |  |