Table 3 Background characteristics of participants
From: Predictors of activity involvement in dementia care homes: a cross-sectional study
| Â | Overall sample | Type 1 CH a | Type 2 CH a | Type 3 CH a | Type 4 CH a | Type 5 CH a |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Variables (if applicable: range) | M (SD) or n (%) | M (SD) or n (%) | M (SD) or n (%) | M (SD) or n (%) | M (SD) or n (%) | M (SD) or n (%) |
1. Resident characteristics | n = 1218 | n = 249 | n = 268 | n = 242 | n = 236 | n = 223 |
  Age (42–101) | M 84.10 (SD 7.42) | M 82.77 (SD 8.51) | M 85.62 (SD 6.10) | M 83.65 (SD 7.49 | M 84.19 (SD 6.41) | M 84.16 (SD 8.21) |
  Female residents | n 921 (% 75.7) | n 189 (% 75.9) | n 213 (% 79.5) | n 165 (% 68.2) | n 178 (% 75.4) | n 176 (% 78.9) |
  Residents with life partner | n 301 (% 24.7) | n 72 (% 28.9) | n 64 (% 23.9) | n 57 (% 23.6) | n 50 (% 21.2) | n 58 (% 26.0) |
  Residents with length of stay 6 months or more | n 1067 (% 87.6) | n 218 (% 87.5) | n 231 (% 85.8) | n 216 (% 89.2) | n 207 (% 87.7) | n 196 (% 87.9) |
  CPS overall score (0–6) | M 3.99 (SD 1.46) | M 4.11 (SD 1.46) | M 4.00 (SD 1.49) | M 4.14 (SD 1.44 | M 3.80 (SD 1.49) | M 3.87 (SD 1.40) |
 Residents with mild to moderate cognitive impairment (CPS 0–3) | n 408 (% 33.6) | n 76 (% 30.5) | n 95 (% 35.4) | n 67 (% 27.7) | n 89 (% 37.7) | n 81 (% 36.3) |
  Residents moderate to severe cognitive impairment (CPS 4) | n 297 (% 24.4) | n 61 (% 24.5) | n 55 (% 20.5) | n 57 (% 23.6) | n 62 (% 26.3) | n 27.8 (% 27.8) |
 Residents with severe to very severe cognitive impairment (CPS 5–6) | n 513 (% 42.1) | n 112 (% 45.0) | n 118 (% 44.0) | n 118 (% 48.8) | n 85 (% 36.0) | n 35.9 (% 35.9) |
  NPIQ (0–36) | M 11.52 (SD 6.31) | M 11.50 (SD 6.87) | M 11.29 (SD 6.33) | M 11.75 (SD 6.09 | M 11.45 (SD 6.19) | M 11.66 (SD 6.03) |
  Residents with agitation symptoms | n 329 (% 27.1) | n 73 (% 29.6) | n 80 (% 29.9) | n 66 (% 27.3) | n 60 (% 25.4) | n 50 (% 22.4) |
  Residents with depression symptoms | n 318 (% 26.1) | n 69 (% 27.5) | n 58 (% 21.6) | n 61 (% 25.3) | n 74 (% 31.4) | n 56 (% 25.1) |
 Residents with anxiety symptoms | n 262 (% 21.5) | n 47 (% 19.0) | n 60 (% 22.4) | n 52(% 21.5) | n 54 (% 22.9) | n 49 (% 22.0) |
  Residents with apathy symptoms | n 541 (% 44.5) | n 122 (% 49.0) | n 113 (% 42.2) | n 108 (% 44.6) | n 46.2 (% 46.2) | n 90 (% 40.4) |
  Katz ADL dependency (1–7) | M 5.35 (SD 1.65) | M 5.49 (SD 1.61) | M 5.51 (SD 1.56) | M 5.35 (SD 1.69 | M 5.20 (SD 1.71) | M 5.19 (SD 1.67) |
  Residents without or low ADL dependency (Katz 1–3) | n 181 (% 14.9) | n 32 (% 12.9) | n 32(% 11.9) | n 40(% 16.5) | n 18.2(% 18.2) | n 34(% 15.2) |
  Residents dependent in various ADL domains (Katz 4–6) | n 627 (% 51.5) | n 125 (% 50.2) | n 139(% 51.9) | n 117(% 48.3) | n 50.4(% 50.4) | n 127(% 57.0) |
  Residents dependent in all ADL domains (Katz = 7) | n 410 (% 33.7) | n 92 (% 36.9) | n 97(% 36.2) | n 35.1(% 35.1) | n31.4(% 31.4) | n 62(% 27.8) |
  Residents independent in transferring (with or without aids) | n 651 (% 53.6) | n 125 (% 50.2) | 135 (% 50.4) | 133 (% 55.0) | 129 (% 54.7) | 94 (% 57.8) |
  Minutes involved in 17 listed activities during the past 3 days (0–1125) | M 152.49 (SD 166.80) | M 120.66 (SD 150.32) | M 143.53 (SD 156.71) | M 136.08 (SD 163.07) | M 191.03 (SD 177.60) | M 175.84 (SD 178.46) |
  Residents ≤3 h involved in activities during past 3 days | n 822 (% 67.5) | n 186 (% 74.7) | n 180 (% 67.3) | n 183 (% 75.6) | n 133 (% 56.4) | n 140 (% 62.8) |
  Residents >3 h involved in activities during past 3 days | n 396 (% 32.5) | n 63 (% 25.3) | n 88 (% 32.7) | n 59 (% 24.4) | n 103 (% 43.6) | n 83 (% 37.2) |
2. Characteristics of resources of finances, staff ratio and educational level | n = 139 | n = 28 | n = 30 | n = 28 | n = 28 | n = 25 |
  Staff ratio (13.86–30.48) | M 20.86 (SD 3.61) | M 18.89 (SD 3.46) | M 20.49 (SD 3.57) | M 21.55 (SD 3.52) | M 21.59 (SD 3.24) | M 21.92 (SD 3.69) |
  Staff with education level 3 or higher (22.70–100) | M 63.55 (SD 15.58) | M 58.27 (SD 13.83) | M 63.58 (SD 13.65) | M 67.49 (SD 18.76) | M 61.85 (SD 12.69) | M 66.97 (SD 17.67) |
  Average % of sickness leave (0.82–17.0) | M 6.22 (SD 3.09) | M 7.10 (SD 2.00) | M 5.12 (SD 2.60) | M 5.96 (SD 2.62) | M 6.22 (SD 3.49) | M 6.86 (SD 3.51) |
  Number of vacancies per resident (0–0.22) | M 0.016 (SD 0.034) | M 0.015 (SD 0.023) | M 0.013 (SD 0.028) | M 0.022 (SD 0.036) | M 0.022 (SD 0.052) | M 0.008 (SD 0.022) |
  Hours / week (para) medics per resident (0–5.06) | M 1.32 (SD 0.93) | M 1.70 (SD 1.11) | M 1.24 (SD 0.92) | M 1.38 (SD 0.88) | M 0.91 (SD 0.55) | M 1.38 (SD 0.99) |
3. Characteristics of modern or traditional care culture of the care facility | n = 139 | n = 28 | n = 30 | n = 28 | n = 28 | n = 25 |
  GTL (1.55–4.81) | M 3.23 (SD 0.63) | M 3.13 (SD 0.67) | M 3.10 (SD 0.69) | M 3.29 (SD 0.65) | M 3.35 (SD 0.62) | M 3.30 (SD 0.54) |
  P-CAT (2.76–4.35) | M 3.62 (SD 0.34) | M 3.36 (SD 0.33) | M 3.50 (SD 0.24) | M 3.73 (SD 0.26) | M 3.87 (SD 0.31) | M 3.62 (SD 0.31) |
  Unanimity in care philosophy (2.39–4.57) | M 3.38 (SD 0.39) | M 3.19 (SD 0.33) | M 3.28 (SD 0.37) | M 3.53 (SD 0.32) | M 3.54 (SD 0.42) | M 3.35 (SD 0.37) |
  FPCR ( 3.98–6.47) | M 5.51 (SD 0.46) | M 5.31 (SD 0.42) | M 5.38 (SD 0.45) | M 5.50 (SD 0.44) | M 5.74 (SD 0.39) | M 5.66 (SD 0.43) |
  Number of psychotropic drugs per resident (0.17–2.38) | M 0.90 (SD 0.36) | M 1.08 (SD 0.41) | M 0.84 (SD 0.33) | M 0.92 (SD 0.29) | M 0.74 (SD 0.36) | M 0.95 (SD 0.35) |
  Number of physical restraints per resident (0–0.74) | M 0.11 (SD 0.13) | M 0.17 (SD 0.14) | M 0.12 (SD 0.18) | M 0.09 (SD 0.08) | M 0.09 (SD 0.12) | M 0.11 (SD 0.11) |
4. Characteristics of workload as perceived by care staff (mean scores per care home) | n = 139 | n = 28 | n = 30 | n = 28 | n = 28 | n = 25 |
  LWQ Job satisfaction (2.28–3.75) | M 3.04 (SD 0.26) | M 2.85 (SD 0.24) | M 3.04 (SD 0.22) | M 3.09 (SD 0.25) | M 3.20 (SD 0.25) | M 3.04 (SD 0.25) |
  LWQ Job demands (1.70–3.20) | M 2.45 (SD 0.29) | M 2.70 (SD 0.25) | M 2.50 (SD 0.19) | M 2.41 (SD 0.27) | M 2.22 (SD 0.25) | M 2.41 (SD 0.27) |
  LWQ Autonomy (2.33–4.00) | M 2.95 (SD 0.21) | M 2.82 (SD 0.21) | M 2.88 (SD 0.14) | M 2.98 (SD 0.17) | M 3.11 (SD 0.16) | M 2.98 (SD 0.25) |
  LWQ Social support manager (2.17–3.68) | M 3.04 (SD 0.30) | M 2.97 (SD 0.35) | M 3.00 (SD 0.30) | M 3.06 (SD 0.34) | M 3.08 (SD 0.26) | M 3.09 (SD 0.26) |
  LWQ Social support coworkers (2.40–3.88) | M 3.21 (SD 0.23) | M 3.15 (SD 0.23) | M 3.20 (SD 0.21) | M 3.25 (SD 0.20) | M 3.22 (SD 0.28) | M 3.20 (SD 0.48) |
  UBOS emotional exhaustion (0.61–3.46) | M 1.76 (SD 0.52) | M 2.08 (SD 0.49) | M 1.82 (SD 0.57) | M 1.74 (SD 0.45) | M 1.47 (SD 0.41) | M 1.68 (SD 0.48) |
  UBOS Burnout personal competence ( 3.71–5.79) | M 4.73 (SD 0.31) | M 4.53 (SD 0.30) | M 4.72 (SD 0.32) | M 4.76 (SD 0.25) | M 4.84 (SD 0.29) | M 4.82 (SD 0.33) |
5. Characteristics of the physical care environment | n = 139 | n = 28 | n = 30 | n = 28 | n = 28 | n = 25 |
  Number of residents in facility (6–161) | M 40.43 (SD 32.44) | M 69.54 (SD 38.68) | M 23.37 (SD 8.63) | M 60.61 (SD 34.03) | M 20.71 (SD 15.49) | M 27.80 (SD 16.14) |
  Number of residents per living room (5–28) | M 9.26 (SD 3.88) | M 12.18 (SD 2.99) | M 12.09 (SD 4.84) | M 8.07 (SD 2.91) | M 6.41 (SD 0.87) | M 7.12 (SD 1.37) |
  Group living home care characteristics (9–51) | M 31.32 (SD 10.59) | M 22.58 (SD 7.29) | M 22.47 (SD 5.74) | M 33.64 (SD 8.04) | M 42.04 (SD 5.48) | M 37.12 (SD 8.77) |
6. Characteristics of the organization of activities | n = 139 | n = 28 | n = 30 | n = 28 | n = 28 | n = 25 |
  Care homes with activities arranged in clubs | 75 (% 54.0) | n 21 (% 75.0) | n 11 (% 36.7) | n 19 (% 67.9) | n 9 (% 32.1) | n 15 (% 60.0) |
  Care homes with central activity program | 119 (% 85.6) | n 25 (% 89.3) | n 25 (% 83.3) | n 26 (% 92.9) | n 23 (% 82.1) | n 20 (% 80.0) |
  Care homes with activities in living room | 132 (% 95.0) | n 28 (% 100) | n 28 (% 93.3) | n 27 (% 96.4) | n 27 (% 96.4) | n 22 (% 88.0) |
  Care homes where activities are (also) offered by care staff | 124 (% 89.2) | n 24 (% 85.7) | n 26 (% 86.7) | n 27 (% 96.4) | n 24 (% 85.7) | n 23 (% 92.0) |
  Hours / week recreational staff per resident (0–4.71) | M 0.78 (SD 0.78) | M 1.12 (SD 0.85) | M 1.17 (SD 0.92) | M 0.75 (SD 0.50 | M 0.12 (SD 0.19) | M 0.74 (SD 0.69) |
  Hours of help from family caregivers per resident per week (0–4.20) | M 0.36 (SD 0.68) | M 0.24 (SD 0.53) | M 0.16 (SD 0.28) | M 0.33 (SD 0.67 | M 0.66 (SD 0.81) | M 0.39 (SD 0.90) |
  Hours of help from volunteers per resident per week (0–6.67) | M 1.06 (SD 1.08) | M 0.62 (SD 0.78) | M 0.89 (SD 0.57) | M 1.21 (SD 1.25 | M 1.58 (SD 1.46) | M 0.95 (SD 0.93) |