Table 2 Participants’ sociodemographic characteristics, Fried criteria, and UEF parameters for three frailty categories defined using the Fried index
From: Frailty assessment in older adults using upper-extremity function: index development
Variable | Non-frail | Pre-frail | Frail | p-value (ES) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Number, n (% of total) | 132 (37%) | 175 (50%) | 45 (13%) | - |
Male, n (% of the group) | 52 (39%) | 59 (34%) | 12 (27%) | 0.26 |
Age, year (SD) | 75.95 (7.45) | 80.20 (9.70) | 83.62 (7.09) | <0.001* (0.33) |
Height, cm (SD) | 165.91 (11.40) | 163.20 (9.40) | 161.32 (9.48) | 0.01* (0.16) |
Weight, kg (SD) | 74.24 (17.20) | 73.76 (18.56) | 74.26 (17.95) | 0.97 (0.01) |
Body mass index, kg/m2 (SD) | 26.79 (4.61) | 27.60 (6.21) | 28.56 (6.56) | 0.17 (0.10) |
Mini-mental state examination, 0–30 (SD) (Data from 286 participants) | 28.92 (1.23) | 28.27 (1.90) | 28.28 (1.86) | <0.01* (0.02) |
Montreal cognitive assessment, 0–30 (SD) (Data from 134 participants) | 25.26 (3.44) | 23.96 (4.01) | 23.30 (3.61) | 0.09 (0.20) |