Long-term mortality in older patients discharged after acute decompensated heart failure: a prospective cohort study

Table 3 Factors independently associated with 2-year mortality by multivariable analysis (n = 399)

Characteristics	Model development^a		Parameter estimates after bootstrapping methods
	HR 95% CI	P value	Mean HR 95% CI	P value
Male sex	1.36 [1.00–1.82]	0.05	1.36 [1.00–1.83]	0.05
Age >85 years	1.57 [1.19–2.07]	<0.01	1.58 [1.19–2.08]	<0.01
Number of impaired ADL^b items	1.11 [1.05–1.17]	<0.01	1.11 [1.04–1.18]	<0.01
Recent weight loss^c	1.61 [1.14–2.28]	<0.01	1.61 [1.12–2.32]	0.01
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)^d	0.86 [0.74–0.99]	0.04	0.85 [0.73–1.00]	0.05
Creatinine clearance ≤30 mL/minute^e	1.36 [0.97–2.00]	0.09	1.38 [0.89–2.08]	0.12

HR, hazards ratio; CI, confidence interval; ADL, activities of daily living scale
^aHazards ratios and confidence intervals were estimated using Cox proportional models simultaneously adjusted for all variables listed in the table
^bper additional impaired ADL item
^c>3 Kg within the 3 months preceding admission
^dper increase by 1 standard deviation
^eCreatinine clearance was calculated using the abbreviated Modification of Diet in Renal Disease formula, glomerular filtration rate (mL/min/1.73 m²) = 186.3 × [creatinine (μmol/L) /88.4] ^-1.154 × [Age (years)]^-0.203 × 0.742 (if female) × 1.21 (if black)

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