Table 3 Spiritual Index of Well-Being Chinese version (SIWB-C) items with factor loading, construct reliability, and convergent validity of confirmatory factor analysis (N = 416)

 Subscale: self-efficacy (Cronbach’s α = 0.862)

0.82

0.70

  1. There is not much I can do to help myself.

0.807

0.427

0.939

2.98

1.12

  2. Often, there is no way I can complete what I have started

0.606

0.660

0.931

3.07

1.22

  3. I can’t begin to understand my problems.

0.447

0.747

0.927

3.20

1.18

  4. I am overwhelmed when I have personal difficulties and problems.

0.617

0.701

0.929

3.20

1.12

  5. I don’t know how to begin to solve my problems.

0.562

0.778

0.926

3.16

1.18

  6. There is not much I can do to make a difference in my life.

0.768

0.582

0.933

2.93

1.14

 Subscale: life scheme (Cronbach’s α = 0.931)

0.83

0.72

  7. I haven’t found my life’s purpose yet.

0.756

0.695

0.929

3.10

1.14

  8. I don’t know who I am, where I came from, or where I am going.

0.848

0.744

0.928

3.16

1.28

  9. I have a lack of purpose in my life.

0.836

0.810

0.925

3.15

1.23

  10. In this world, I don’t know my true sense of belonging.

0.838

0.827

0.924

3.08

1.22

  11. I am far from understanding the meaning of life.

0.864

0.780

0.926

3.10

1.24

  12. There is a great void in my life at this time.

0.740

0.763

0.927

3.18

1.27