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Table 1 Characteristics of German National Health Interview and Examination Survey participants 1997–1999 (GNHIES 98) and 2008–2011(DEGS1) included in this analysis by sex and age groups

From: Changes in physical functioning among men and women aged 50–79 years in Germany: an analysis of National Health Interview and Examination Surveys, 1997–1999 and 2008–2011

 

Men

Women

50–64 years

65–79 years

50–64 years

65–79 years

GNHIES

98

DEGS1

p

GNHIES

98

DEGS1

p

GNHIES

98

DEGS1

p

GNHIES

98

DEGS1

p

n = 945

n = 929

n = 429

n = 856

n = 975

n = 1076

n = 535

n = 871

%/mean

%/mean

%/mean

%/mean

%/mean

%/mean

%/mean

%/mean

Age, years (mean ± SE)

56.4 ± .14

56.4 ± .15

.936

70.9 ± .17

71.0 ± .16

.655

56.6 ± .14

56.4 ± .15

.417

71.5 ± .17

71.3 ± .16

.374

Household size

 Living alone

6.6

13.5

<.001

12.5

9.6

.180

14.6

15.7

.531

41.6

32.2

.004

 Living with others

93.4

86.5

 

87.5

90.4

 

85.4

84.3

 

58.4

67.8

 

Educational level(CASMIN)

 Low

60.4

44.9

<.001

70.2

58.1

.005

63.4

40.9

<.001

82.1

69.2

<.001

 Medium

22.1

37.9

 

15.5

23.1

 

28.0

48.0

 

14.6

24.2

 

 High

17.5

17.2

 

14.3

18.9

 

8.5

11.1

 

3.3

6.6

 

Body mass index (BMI)kg/m2 (mean ± SE)

28.2 ± .15

28.2 ± .18

.773

27.8 ± .19

28.5 ± .19

.011

28.1 ± .22

27.4 ± .24

.275

28.6 ± .27

28.8 ± .21

.622

 BMI <25a

18.0

20.4

.339

21.2

17.1

.004

31.4

36.3

.092

23.4

24.8

.336

 BMI ≥ 25 to <30

54.3

50.6

 

58.2

51.5

 

39.5

35.0

 

42.4

38.1

 

 BMI ≥ 30

27.7

28.9

 

20.6

31.5

 

29.2

28.7

 

34.2

37.2

 

Smoking status

 Current

28.7

28.0

.003

17.6

10.1

<.001

17.8

24.9

<.001

10.5

8.2

<.001

 Former

37.7

45.4

 

58.2

51.9

 

15.2

33.0

 

10.9

20.0

 

 Never

33.6

26.6

 

24.2

37.9

 

67.1

42.1

 

78.6

71.7

 

Sports activity level

 No sports (0 h/ week)

52.8

38.1

<.001

68.8

43.2

<.001

54.0

32.1

<.001

75.5

39.3

<.001

 Regular sport (<2 h/week)

30.4

38.0

 

16.5

33.8

 

30.8

43.2

 

17.9

42.3

 

 Regular sport (≥2 h/week)

16.8

24.0

 

14.7

23.0

 

15.1

24.8

 

6.6

18.4

 

Alcohol consumption

 No alcohol (0 g/day)

12.3

7.3

<.001

11.0

7.1

.125

26.4

16.8

<.001

39.4

21.3

<.001

 Moderate drinking (<20/10 g/day, men/women)

56.8

72.7

 

64.9

67.9

 

58.8

66.4

 

52.8

68.8

 

 Risky drinking(≥20/10 g/day, men/women)

30.9

20.0

 

24.1

25.0

 

14.8

16.8

 

7.8

9.9

 

Chronic diseases

 Ischaemic heart disease

10.3

9.3

.590

29.4

27.9

.648

5.7

3.2

.022

19.7

14.2

.031

 Chronic heart failure

3.9

3.2

.515

14.3

13.5

.755

3.1

2.7

.663

16.3

11.6

.084

 Stroke

1.7

2.5

.357

7.3

7.6

.882

.7

.5

.534

6.1

5.6

.714

 Hypertension

33.9

47.6

<.001

48.2

68.0

<.001

33.6

41.4

.001

55.5

68.7

<.001

 Dyslipidaemia

39.4

41.4

.499

33.9

51.7

<.001

34.9

37.4

.379

43.1

57.5

<.001

 Diabetes mellitus

10.8

9.7

.514

13.0

20.0

.014

5.6

5.6

.991

16.2

18.5

.375

 Cancer (any type)

3.4

4.4

.334

9.9

15.4

.015

7.5

10.4

.049

7.3

14.3

<.001

 Asthma

4.8

5.1

.796

7.1

4.4

.046

6.3

7.3

.428

3.8

8.8

.004

 Osteoporosis

2.5

2.5

.998

1.9

3.4

.209

10.3

5.7

.003

20.6

22.7

.457

Number of chronic diseases

 0

37.1

31.6

.197

20.3

11.4

<.001

35.1

31.1

.282

16.4

9.8

.018

 1

31.6

32.7

 

33.2

25.3

 

34.1

38.4

 

25.2

23.1

 

 2

18.4

22.1

 

20.9

29.9

 

21.8

21.0

 

27.4

29.8

 

 ≥3

12.9

13.6

 

25.6

33.4

 

9.0

9.6

 

30.9

37.3

 

Multimorbidity

 ≥ 2 chronic diseases

31.3

35.7

.105

46.6

63.3

<.001

30.8

30.5

.897

58.3

67.1

.010

Polypharmacy

 ≥5 prescribed medications

8.2

10.7

.158

26.3

34.1

.010

12.4

12.6

.900

30.2

37.0

.038

  1. All percentages and means were weighted and standardized to the population of 31.12.2010
  2. p values refer to differences between GNHIES98 and DEGS1 (Second-order Rao-Scott chi-square tests for categorical variables and general linear models for continuous variables)
  3. aIncludes 20 persons with BMI <18.5 kg/m2
  4. Missing values: Household size (men 50–64 years n = 7, men 65–79 years n = 3; women 50–64 years n = 9, women 65–79 years n = 13), Educational status (9, 6; 7, 8), Body mass index (7, 8; 11, 26), Smoking status (2, 1; 3, 6), Physical activity level (11, 10; 12, 10), Alcohol consumption (23, 14; 16, 20), Ischaemic Heart Disease (11, 19; 22, 28), Chronic heart failure (21, 38; 29, 41), Stroke (6, 9; 10, 8), Hypertension (13, 7; 12, 5), Hyperlipidaemia (29, 28; 21, 24), Diabetes (8, 4; 13, 7), Cancer (6, 6; 11, 5), Asthma (7, 9; 14, 10), Osteoporosis (14, 11; 22, 24), Multimorbidity/No. of chronic conditions (67, 86; 74, 103 ), Polypharmacy (6, 3; 8, 3)
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