Table 1 Baseline characteristics, frailty status, and study outcomes among long-stay home care recipients in Ontario

Sociodemographic characteristics

Age (years), mean ± SD

82.0 ± 7.42

Sex

 Male

83,125 (35.4 %)

 Female

151,427 (64.6 %)

Rurality Index of Ontario

 Major Urban

156,807 (67.2 %)

 Urban

52,881 (22.7 %)

 Rural

23,540 (10.1 %)

Marital status

 Married

92,064 (39.3 %)

 Never Married/Other

11,888 (5.1 %)

 Widowed

115,176 (49.1 %)

 Separated/Divorced

15,424 (6.6 %)

Primary caregiver

 No primary caregiver

5,181 (2.2 %)

 Yes, does not live with client

110,884 (47.3 %)

 Yes, lives with client

118,487 (50.5 %)

Caregiver is distressed

54,620 (23.3 %)

Total weekday hours of caregiver support during past week, mean ± SD

11.68 ± 14.06

Total weekend hours of caregiver support during past week, mean ± SD

4.98 ± 5.73

Average hours of caregiver support per day, mean ± SD

2.38 ± 2.78

Comorbidity

Number of ADG comorbidity categories

 0–5

32,719 (13.9 %)

 6–9

71,578 (30.5 %)

 10+

130,255 (55.5 %)

Health care utilization

Acute care hospitalization in year prior to index date

106,956 (45.6 %)

Acute care hospitalization with ALC stay in year prior to index date

25,870 (11.0 %)

Emergency department visit in year prior to index date

160,770 (68.5 %)

Number of unique prescription medications overlapping index date, mean ± SD

6.05 ± 3.83

Unique prescription medications overlapping index date

 0–5

111,120 (47.4 %)

 6–9

81,204 (34.6 %)

 10+

42,228 (18.0 %)

Frailty status

Full Frailty Index [FI]

 Robust

108,676 (46.3 %)

 Pre-Frail

80,155 (34.2 %)

 Frail

45,721 (19.5 %)

Modified Frailty Index [FI]

 Robust

95,209 (40.6 %)

 Pre-Frail

82,107 (35.0 %)

 Frail

57,236 (24.4 %)

CHESS Scale

 Robust

55,241 (23.6 %)

 Pre-Frail

75,763 (32.3 %)

 Frail

103,548 (44.1 %)

Outcomes ^a one year following index date

 Death

41,044 (17.5 %)

 LTC admission

40,144 (17.1 %)

 Hospitalization

98,385 (42.0 %)

 Hospitalization with ALC stay

31,621 (13.5 %)