Fig. 1

Joint impacts of diabetes and impaired kidney function on the transformed MMSE score (a) and global cognitive impairment (b). β coefficients were derived from general linear regression model (a), and odds ratios from logistic regression model (b) while controlling for age, sex, years of education, smoking, physical activity, alcohol drinking, body mass index, total cholesterol, hypertension, stroke, and depressive symptoms. DM, diabetes mellitus; eGFR_cys, cystatin C-based estimated glomerular filtration rate; MMSE, Mini-Mental State Examination. ^* P < 0.01