Table 1 Demographic characteristics of the sample
| Â | N (%) |
|---|---|
Study participants | 119 (100) |
 Near-centenarians (95–99 years) | 57 (48) |
 Centenarians (100–107 years) | 62 (52) |
Gender | Â |
 Females | 93 (78) |
 Males | 26 (22) |
Ethnic background | Â |
 Caucasian | 95 (80) |
 African American | 23 (19) |
 Other | 1 (1) |
Residence type | Â |
 Community-dwelling | 88 (74) |
 Institutionalized | 31 (26) |
Marital status | Â |
 Never married | 11 (9) |
 Married | 8 (7) |
 Divorced | 9 (8) |
 Separated | 2 (2) |
 Widowed | 89 (75) |
Education | Â |
 Kindergarten or primary school | 3 (3) |
 Middle school | 23 (20) |
 9th to 12th Grade (no Diploma) | 13 (11) |
 High school diploma | 21 (18) |
 Some college vocational | 17 (15) |
 Bachelor’s | 21 (18) |
 Graduate school or higher | 19 (16) |
U.S. or foreign-born | Â |
 U.S.-born | 84 (71) |
 Foreign-born | 35 (29) |