Table 8 Crude OR of frailty in Beijing urban, Beijing rural and Hong Kong

Female

1.50 (1.30,1.73)

2.60 (1.47,4.60)

2.07 (1.74, 2.46)¹

Age

 65–74

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

 75–84

1.92 (1.67, 2.19)

2.35 (1.40, 3.96)

1.79 (1.50, 2.12)

 85+

2.44 (1.80,3.30)

3.38 (1.17,9.77)

2.46 (1.69, 3.57)

Currently married

0.57 (0.50,0.66)

0.41 (0.25,0.67)

0.60 (0.50, 0.71)

Education ≤ Middle school

1.27 (1.11,1.45)

4.21 (1.53,11.60)¹

1.98 (1.55, 2.53)¹

Living alone

1.53 (1.26,1.86)

0.90 (0.34,2.41)

1.53 (1.22, 1.93)

Current smoking

0.74 (0.59,0.92)

0.22 (0.08,0.66)¹

0.82 (0.58, 1.17)²

Current alcohol use^b

0.73 (0.57,0.93)

0.35 (0.15,0.85)

0.31 (0.21, 0.45)¹

Daily exercise < 0.5 h

1.83 (1.59,2.10)

2.96 (1.74,5.04)

1.73 (1.46, 2.05)

No. of diseases ≥ 3

7.72 (6.69,8.90)

21.81 (12.53,37.94)¹

6.08 (5.09, 7.25)^1,2

Daily drugs ≥ 4

5.62 (4.89,6.46)

10.62 (6.31,17.87)¹

2.82 (2.16, 3.68)^1,2