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Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the included cohort

From: Dynapenic obesity and the effect on long-term physical function and quality of life: data from the osteoarthritis initiative

   

Males

N = 756

   

Females

N = 1269

  
 

Overall

Dynapenic obesity

Dynapenia no obesity

Obesity no dynapenia

Neither dynapenia nor obesity

p

Dynapenic obesity

Dynapenia no obesity

Obesity no dynapenia

Neither dynapenia nor obesity

p

 

N = 2025

N = 68

N = 184

N = 186

N = 318

 

N = 114

N = 309

N = 296

N = 550

 

Age, years

68.2 ± 5.4

69.4 ± 5.5

70.5 ± 4.9

67.4 ± 5.1*

68.7 ± 5.4

<0.001

67.5 ± 5.7

69.1 ± 5.7*

66.3 ± 4.9

67.8 ± 5.1

<0.001

Education status

 < High School

384 (18.9)

17 (25.0)

27 (14.8)

24 (13.0)

30 (9.4)

 

29 (25.4)

67 (21.7)

75 (25.5)

115 (21.0)

 

 Some College

483 (23.9)

11 (16.2)

23 (12.6)

41 (22.2)

44 (13.8)

0.001

41 (36.0)

74 (24.0)

100 (24.0)

149 (27.2)

0.01

 College

395 (19.5)

19 (27.9)

37 (20.2)

44 (23.8)

79 (24.8)

 

16 (14.0)

63 (20.4)

46 (15.7)

91 (16.6)

 

 > College

756 (37.3)

21 (30.9)

96 (52.5)

76 (41.1)

165 (51.9)

 

28 (24.6)

105 (34.0)

73 (24.8)

192 (35.1)

 

Yearly income

  > $50,000

1046 (51.7)

27 (43.6)

105 (59.0)

123 (68.0)

229 (74.4)

<0.001

36 (33.0)

146 (50.0)

111 (39.9)

269 (52.1)

<0.001

Marital status

 Married

1340 (66.2)

49 (72.1)

141 (77.1)

149 (80.5)

274 (86.2)

0.01

54 (47.4)

184 (59.6)

146 (49.8)

343 (62.7)

<0.001

Race

 White

1710 (84.4)

51 (75.0)

158 (85.9)

159 (85.5)

297 (93.4)

 

69 (60.5)

263 (85.1)

215 (72.6)

498 (90.6)

 

 Black

268 (13.2)

16 (23.5)

19 (10.3)

24 (12.9)

15 (4.7)

<0.001

43 (37.7)

40 (12.9)

72 (24.3)

39 (7.1)

<0.001

 Other

47 (2.3

1 (1.5)

5 (2.7)

3 (1.6)

3 (0.9)

 

2 (1.8)

3 (1.0)

8 (2.7)

6 (1.1)

 

 Charlson score

0.43 ± 0.88

0.66 ± 1.22

0.60 ± 1.07

0.67 ± 1.12

0.45 ± 0.93

0.11

0.57 ± 0.93

0.31 ± 0.72*

0.53 ± 0.93

0.26 ± 0.60#

<0.001

 PASE score

138.1 ± 67.3

123.5 ± 62.5

137.0 ± 68.9

150.3 ± 77.0*

160.3 ± 70.6#

<0.001

106.8 ± 64.0

122.9 ± 55.3

130.7 ± 63.9*

142.5 ± 65.4#

<0.001

 Baseline WOMAC right

11.0 ± 13.6

14.1 ± 13.3

9.4 ± 10.2*

10.7 ± 13.4

6.9 ± 9.9#

<0.001

23.8 ± 21.1

13.2 ± 14.3#

14.4 ± 15.3#

7.9 ± 10.6#

<0.001

 Baseline WOMAC left

10.6 ± 14.4

14.0 ± 15.0

8.8 ± 12.5*

11.3 ± 15.1

7.1 ± 11.2

<0.001

21.1 ± 20.2

11.4 ± 13.8#

14.1 ± 16.8#

8.1 ± 12.0#

<0.001

 Ever smoker

999 (39.3)

40 (59.7)

105 (58.0)

97 (53.0)

168 (52.8)

0.54

41 (36.6)

126 (41.2)

153 (52.4)

269 (49.5)

0.003

 No. medications

3.80 ± 2.46

5.0 ± 2.7

3.87 ± 2.51*

4.05 ± 2.74*

3.17 ± 2.08#

<0.001

4.47 ± 2.63

3.75 ± 2.62

4.21 ± 2.43

3.49 ± 2.23

<0.001

 Body mass index, kg/m2

28.2 ± 4.5

33.1 ± 2.6

26.2 ± 2.3#

33.1 ± 2.8

26.6 ± 2.2#

<0.001

33.6 ± 3.2

24.9 ± 2.9#

33.5 ± 2.9

25.5 ± 2.8#

<0.001

 Waist circumference, cm

103.1 ± 12.2

115.5 ± 8.8

99.3 ± 7.6#

115.3 ± 8.4

99.6 ± 7.3#

<0.001

113.5 ± 10.7

96.1 ± 10.1#

113.8 ± 10.1

96.9 ± 9.8#

<0.001

 High waist circumference

1538 (76.0)

63 (95.5)

72 (39.3)

179 (96.8)

114 (36.4)

<0.001

114 (100.0)

243 (78.9)

295 (100.0)

458 (83.6)

<0.001

 Knee extensor strength, N

326.4 ± 117.1

302.4 ± 53.4

302.0 ± 50.6

483.4 ± 90.4#

471.9 ± 82.7#

<0.001

185.1 ± 42.1

184.9 ± 38.5

321.7 ± 61.1#

311.7 ± 54.3#

<0.001

Cohort allocation

 Incidence

1492 (73.7)

43 (63.2)

142 (77.2)

124 (66.7)

242 (76.1)

 

56 (49.1)

236 (76.4)

197 (66.6)

450 (81.8)

 

 Progression

526 (26.0)

25 (36.8)

41 (22.3)

61 (32.8)

73 (23.0)

0.06

58 (50.9)

72 (23.3)

99 (33.5)

99 (18.0)

<0.001

 Control

7 (0.4)

---

1 (0.5)

1 (0.5)

3 (0.9)

 

---

1 (0.2)

---

1 (0.2)

 

 ADL impairment

109 (7.2)

8 (16.7)

10 (20.8)

15 (31.3)

15 (31.3)

0.06

11 (18.0)

15 (24.6)

17 (27.9)

18 (29.5)

0.003

  1. All values are represented as mean ± standard deviation, or count (%)
  2. P-value represents the ANOVA across all body mass index categories
  3. p-values represent analysis of variance between 4 quartile categories in each sex
  4. Obesity represented as BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2; Dynapenia represented as lowest tertile in Males (Knee extensor strength < 365.8 N, and in Females (<235.3 N)
  5. High waist circumference is ≥88 cm in females; ≥102 cm in males
  6. Multiple comparison analyses performed between Dynapenic Obesity group and other groups: *P < 0.05; #P < 0.001
  7. ADL activities of daily living, PASE physical activity for the elderly, WOMAC Western Ontario McMaster Universities Arthritis Index
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BMC Geriatrics

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