Table 3 Characteristics of participants (n = 33)
|  | Older adults (n = 11) | Caregivers (n = 11) | Healthcare providers (n = 11) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Continuous variables | Md (I.R.) | Mean (S.D.) | Md (I.R.) | Mean (S.D.) | Md (I.R.) | Mean (S.D.) |
Age (years) | 78.0 (7.0) | 77.9 (7.7) | 66.0 (6.0) | 70.2 (12.2) | 44.0 (3.0) | 44.5 (6.9) |
Time since onset of health problems (years) | 10.0 (6.5) | 8.9 (5.9) | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Functional autonomy (SMAF) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 ADL (/21) | 6.0 (3.5) | 7.3 (3.9) |  |  |  |  |
 Mobility (/18) | 4.0 (2.3) | 5.2 (4.5) |  |  |  |  |
 Communication (/9) | 0 (1.0) | 0.7 (1.0) |  |  |  |  |
 Mental functions (/15) | 3.0 (1.5) | 2.8 (2.3) |  |  |  |  |
 IADL (/24) | 17.0 (1.3) | 16.1 (3.5) |  |  |  |  |
 Total (/87) | 29.5 (9.3) | 32.1 (10.0) |  |  |  |  |
Clinical experience (years) | Â | Â | Â | Â | 18.0 (5.5) | 17.8 (9.4) |
Categorical variables | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | |||
Gender (women) | 5 (45.5) | 9 (81.8) | 7 (63.6) | |||
Education (years) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 • Elementary (1–6) | 3 (27.3) | 1 (9.1) |  |  | ||
 • High School (7–11) | 4 (36.4) | 5 (45.5) |  |  | ||
 • College/professional degree (12–14) | 3 (27.3) | 2 (18.2) | 2 (18.2) | |||
 • Bachelors (15–16) |  |  | 2 (18.2) | 7 (63.6) | ||
 • Masters/Doctorate (>17) |  |  | 1 (9.1) | 2 (18.2) | ||
Type of disability | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 • Physical | 5 (45.5) |  |  |  |  | |
 • Cognitive | 5 (45.5) |  |  |  |  | |
 • Psychological | 1 (9.1) |  |  |  |  | |
Two or more health problems (yes) | 9 (81.8) | Â | Â | Â | Â | |
Health problems | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 • Musculoskeletal | 6 (54.5) |  |  |  |  | |
 • Neurological | 6 (54.5) |  |  |  |  | |
 • Cardiovascular | 4 (36.4) |  |  |  |  | |
 • Digestive | 4 (36.4) |  |  |  |  | |
 • Mental | 3 (27.3) |  |  |  |  | |
 • Pulmonary | 2 (18.2) |  |  |  |  | |
 • Visual | 1 (9.1) |  |  |  |  | |
 • Auditory | 1 (9.1) |  |  |  |  | |
Residential status | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 • Owner | 6 (54.5) |  |  |  |  | |
 • Tenant | 3 (27.3) |  |  |  |  | |
 • Private residence | 2 (18.2) |  |  |  |  | |
Income (Can $) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 •  < 15 000 | 3 (27.3) |  |  |  |  | |
 • 15 001–25 000 | 3 (27.3) |  |  |  |  | |
 •  > 25 000 | 1 (9.1) |  |  |  |  | |
  Missing data | 4 (36.4) |  |  |  |  | |
Self-perceived health | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 • Excellent | 1 (9.1) | 5 (45.5) |  |  | ||
 • Good | 6 (54.5) | 4 (36.4) |  |  | ||
 • Fair | 3 (27.3) | 2 (18.2) |  |  | ||
 • Poor | 1 (9.1) | 0 (0) |  |  | ||
Relation with older adult | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 • Spouse |  | 6 (54.5) |  |  | ||
 • Children |  | 3 (27.3) |  |  | ||
 • Sibling |  | 2 (18.2) |  |  | ||
Professional status/title | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 • Retired | 11 (100.0) | 8 (72.7) |  |  | ||
 • Unemployed |  | 1 (9.1) |  |  | ||
 • Full-time worker |  | 1 (9.1) |  |  | ||
 • Part-time worker |  | 1 (9.1) |  |  | ||
 • Occupational therapist |  |  | 1 (9.1) | |||
 • Case manager |  |  | 4 (36.4) | |||
 • Respiratory therapist |  |  | 1 (9.1) | |||
 • Nurse |  |  | 2 (18.2) | |||
 • Medical doctor |  |  | 1 (9.1) | |||
 • Social worker |  |  | 2 (18.2) | |||