Table 1 Factors associated with both forms of aggressive behaviour (verbal and physical).
Characteristic | Total | Both forms of Aggressive behaviour | Bivariate analyses | Regression analyses | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N: 2309 (23 miss.) | Yes n:258 (11.2%) | No n: 2051 (88.8%) | Crude odds ratio (95% confidence interval) | Adjusted odds ratio (95% confidence interval) | |
Individual factors | |||||
Age (years) | |||||
≥ 85 ‡ | 1063 (45.6%) | 110 (42.6%) | 946 (46.1%) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
75 to 84 | 893 (38.3%) | 118 (45.7%) | 764 (37.3%) | 1.33* (1.01–1.75) | 1.22 (0.91–1.63) |
65 to 74 | 376 (16.1%) | 30 (11.6%) | 341 (16.6%) | 0.76 (0.50–1.15) | 0.61 (0.39–0.96) |
Gender | |||||
Female ‡ | 1759 (75.4%) | 165 (63.9%) | 1579 (77.0%) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Male | 573 (24.6%) | 93 (36.1%) | 472 (23.0%) | 1.89* (1.43–2.48) | 2.13* (1.58–2.86) |
Length of stay in LTCC (years) | |||||
0 to 2 ‡ | 1093 (46.9%) | 124 (48.1%) | 951 (46.34%) | 1.00 | |
3 to 4 | 432 (18.5%) | 53 (20.5%) | 375 (18.3%) | 1.08 (0.77–1.53) | |
≥ 5 | 807 (34.6%) | 81 (31.4%) | 725 (35.4%) | 0.86 (0.64–1.15) | |
Functional autonomy | |||||
Autonomous / semi-autonomous‡ | 1207 (51.9%) | 122 (47.3%) | 1076 (52.5%) | 1.00 | |
Dependent | 1117 (48.1%) | 136 (52.7%) | 974 (47.5%) | 1.23 (0.95–1.60) | |
Cognitive status | |||||
No impairment ‡ | 471 (20.3%) | 15 (5.8%) | 454 (22.2%) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Mild-moderate impairment | 847 (36.5%) | 91 (35.3%) | 749 (36.5%) | 3.69* (2.11–6.44) | 2.87* (1.62–5.09) |
Severe impairment | 1006 (43.3%) | 152 (58.9%) | 847 (41.3%) | 5.44* (3.16–9.37) | 3.77* (2.12–6.72) |
Withdrawal behaviour | |||||
No ‡ | 1219 (52.5%) | 98 (37.9%) | 1111 (54.2%) | 1.00 | |
Yes | 1105 (47.6%) | 160 (62.0%) | 939 (45.8%) | 1.93* (1.48–2.52) | |
Sleep disturbance | |||||
No ‡ | 2180 (93.8%) | 230 (89.1%) | 1936 (94.4%) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Yes | 144 (6.2%) | 28 (10.8%) | 114 (5.6%) | 2.07* (1.34–3.20) | 1.95* (1.23–3.08) |
Psychological distress | |||||
No ‡ | 1838 (78.8%) | 187 (72.5%) | 1631 (79.5%) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Yes | 494 (21.2%) | 71 (27.5%) | 420 (20.5%) | 1.47* (1.10–1.98) | 1.36* (1.00–1.85) |
Environmental factors | |||||
Use of benzodiazepine drugs | |||||
No ‡ | 1344 (57.6%) | 136 (52.7%) | 1195 (58.3%) | 1.00 | |
Yes | 988 (42.4%) | 122 (47.3%) | 856 (41.7%) | 1.25 (0.97–1.62) | |
Use of neuroleptic drugs | |||||
No ‡ | 1683 (72.2%) | 138 (53.5%) | 1525(74.35%) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Yes | 649 (27.8%) | 120 (46.5%) | 526 (25.6%) | 2.52* (1.94–3.28) | 2.12* (1.61–2.81) |
Social visitation. | |||||
0 to 3 hours ‡ | 777 (33.6%) | 99 (38.4%) | 671 (32.9%) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
4 to 15 hours | 736 (31.8%) | 84 (32.6%) | 649 (31.8%) | 0.89 (0.65–1.21) | 0.94 (0.68–1.29) |
≥ 16 hours | 803 (34.7%) | 75 (29.1%) | 722 (35.4%) | 0.71* (0.52–0.98) | 0.90 (0.64–1.26) |
Use of physical restraints | |||||
No ‡ | 1576 (67.6%) | 137 (53.1%) | 1421 (69.3%) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Yes | 756 (32.4%) | 121 (46.9%) | 630 (30.7%) | 1.99* (1.53–2.59) | 1.43* (1.07–1.92) |