Table 1 Comparison between cases and controls: demographic data, previous diseases and clinical data during admission

Mean age, y (SD)

80.0 ± 13.6

78.6 ± 7.1

1.01 (0.9–1.1)

% < 60 y

2 (1%)

2 (1%)

1.03 (0.1–10.2)

%>90 y

16 (4.3%)

9 (4.5%)

1.8 (0.7–4.5)

Females (%)

52%

49%

1.13 (0.6–2.1)

High blood pressure

71 (40%)

109 (53%)

0.7 (0.6–0.9)

Diabetes

35 (19.7%)

51 (24.6%)

0.8 (0.6–1.1)

Heart disease

78 (44%)

96 (46.6%)

0.9 (0.7–1.1)

Atrial fibrillation

42 (23.6%)

46 (22.5%)

1 (0.8–1.3)

Lung disease

63 (35%)

80 (38.8%)

0.9 (0.7–1.1)

Incontinent

80 (46%)

27 (13%)

2.2 (1.7–2.6)

Previous dementia

59 (33%)

15 (7.3%)

2.1 (1.7–2.4)

Fever

76 (41%)

55 (26%)

1.4 (1.1–1.7)

Surgery

49 (25.3%)

52 (24.6%)

1 (0.8–1.3)

Urinary catheter

81 (68.6%)

39 (30%)

2.3 (1.7–3.1)

Death during admission

30 (16%)

15 (7.1%)

1.4 (1.1–1.8)