Table 1 Distribution of co-variables among IADL and ADL dependent groups

SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC

City of the institution

Rio de Janeiro

108

28.3

195

31.6

Juiz de Fora

114

29.8

151

24.5

Campo Grande

92

24.1

132

21.4

Cuiabá

68

17.8

139

22.5

Sex

Male

159

41.6

301

48.8

Female

223

58.4

316

51.2

Age group*

60 to 69 years

67

18.0

131

21.8

70 to 79 years

126

33.8

217

36.0

80 or older

180

48.3

254

42.2

Level of education*

Illiterate

135

45.3

215

42.4

Incomplete elementary education

89

29.9

179

35.3

Complete elementary education

35

11.7

54

10.7

High school or above

39

13.1

59

11.6

Length of institutionalization*

Less than 1 year

148

39.5

230

37.8

1 to 3 years

132

35.2

211

34.6

3 or more years

95

25.3

168

27.6

SOCIAL SUPPORT

# Religion*

Yes

150

93.2

310

92.8

Having visitors*

Yes

234

62.9

357

59.0

# Friends outside the institution*

Yes

111

68.5

219

65.4

# Friends inside the institution*

Yes

122

31.9

244

72.4

LIFESTYLE

# smoking*

Current smoker

34

21.1

102

30.4

Former smoker

65

40.4

113

33.7

# Alcohol consumption*

Current consumption

10

6.2

30

9.0

Previous consumption

74

45.7

183

54.8

HEALTH CONDITIONS

# Self-rated health*

Very good/good

60

37.3

135

41.2

Moderate

59

36.6

119

36.3

Bad/Very bad

42

26.1

74

22.6

# Reported high blood pressure*

Yes

78

48.4

157

47.3

# Reported diabetes*

Yes

45

28.1

72

21.8

# Reported cancer*

Yes

10

6.4

19

5.8

# Reported chronic pulmonary disease*

Yes

19

11.9

35

10.6

# Reported heart condition*

Yes

27

17.0

51

15.6

# Reported stroke*

Yes

49

30.6

68

20.7

# Reported psychiatric problems*

Yes

31

19.4

60

18.3

# Reported joint problems*

Yes

50

31.4

88

26.7

Polypharmacy (5 or more medications)*

Yes

119

31.2

175

28.5

# Reported weight loss*

Yes

56

34.1

132

39.3

Fall in the last 12 months*

Yes

97

25.6

162

26.4

Hospitalization in the last 12 months*

Yes

77

20.3

117

19.0

MOBILITY

Good

30

7.9

104

16.9

Moderate impairment

38

9.9

99

16.0

Severe impairment

240

62.8

340

55.1

Bedridden

74

19.4

74

12.0

SENSORY

Wears glasses or contact lenses*

Yes

74

27.7

115

24.4

Uses hearing aid*

Yes

9

3.4

15

3.2

# Reported visual difficulties*

Yes

44

29.5

81

26.6

# Reported hearing difficulties*

Yes

38

23.3

61

18.3

COGNITIVE

Cognitive deficit according to MMSE*

Yes

134

86.5

259

80.2

EMOTIONAL

# Depressive symptoms (GDS)*

Yes

94

57.7

175

52.6