From: A claims data-based comparison of comorbidity in individuals with and without dementia
Diagnosis group | n (%) case N = 5,524 | n (%) control N = 27,595 | OR* (CI) | p-value** |
---|---|---|---|---|
Neoplasms | ||||
Cancer (all) | 1,514 (27.4) | 7,637 (27.7) | 0.98 (0.92–1.05) | 0.600 |
Diseases of the blood and blood-forming organs | ||||
Anaemia | 1,383 (25.0) | 5,271 (19.1) | 1.40 (1.31–1.50) | <0.0001 |
Endocrine, nutritional and metabolic diseases | ||||
Thyroid dysfunction | 1,492 (27.0) | 7,766 (28.1) | 0.96 (0.90–1.03) | 0.251 |
Diabetes | 2,534 (45.9) | 10,766 (39.0) | 1.33 (1.25–1.41) | <0.0001 |
Disorders of lipoprotein metabolism and other lipidaemias | 2,667 (48.3) | 14,320 (51.9) | 0.89 (0.84–0.94) | <0.0001 |
Fluids/electrolyte disorders | 1,615 (29.3) | 5,315 (19.3) | 1.70 (1.60–1.82) | <0.0001 |
Mental and behavioural disorders | ||||
Psychotic/neurotic disorders | 1,403 (25.4) | 4,933 (17.9) | 1.62 (1.51–1.73) | <0.0001 |
Depression | 1,736 (31.4) | 4,708 (17.1) | 2.28 (2.14–2.44) | <0.0001 |
Insomnia | 928 (16.8) | 3,302 (12.0) | 1.47 (1.36–1.60) | <0.0001 |
Diseases of the nervous system | ||||
Parkinson’s disease | 558 (10.1) | 704 (2.6) | 4.25 (3.78–4.77) | <0.0001 |
Diseases of the eye and ear | ||||
Severe vision reduction | 2,318 (42.0) | 13,826 (50.1) | 0.72 (0.68–0.76) | <0.0001 |
Severe hearing loss | 1,096 (29.8) | 5,057 (18.3) | 1.07 (0.99–1.15) | 0.076 |
Diseases of the circulatory system | ||||
Hypertension | 4,197 (76.0) | 21,455 (77.7) | 0.90 (0.84–0.96) | 0.002 |
Coronary artery disease (CAD) | 2,285 (41.4) | 10,584 (38.4) | 1.11 (1.04–1.17) | <0.0001 |
Cardiac arrhythmias | 1,685 (30.5) | 7,908 (28.7) | 1.06 (1.00–1.13) | 0.061 |
Cardiac insufficiency | 2,350 (42.5 | 8,692 (31.5) | 1.56 (1.47–1.66) | <0.0001 |
Atherosclerosis/peripheral arterial occlusive disease | 2,494 (45.1) | 8,425 (30.5) | 1.85 (1.74–1.96) | <0.0001 |
Cerebral ischaemia/chronic stroke | 1,651 (29.9) | 3,963 (14.4) | 2.51 (2.34–2.68) | <0.0001 |
Lower limb varicosis | 1,462 (26.5) | 7,056 (25.6) | 1.05 (0.98–1.12) | 0.143 |
Diseases of the respiratory system | ||||
Pneumonia | 482 (8.7) | 1,375 (5.0) | 1.80 (1.61–2.00) | <0.0001 |
Asthma/chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) | 1,472 (26.6) | 6,989 (25.3) | 1.07 (1.00–1.14) | 0.056 |
Diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue | ||||
Arthritis | 712 (12.9) | 3,793 (13.7) | 0.93 (0.85–1.01) | 0.102 |
Joint arthrosis | 2,446 (44.3) | 13,046 (47.3) | 0.88 (0.83–0.93) | <0.0001 |
Purine/pyrimidine metabolism disorders/gout | 1,543 (27.9) | 7,872 (28.5) | 0.97 (0.91–1.03) | 0.322 |
Lower back pain | 3,124 (56.6) | 16,377 (59.3) | 0.90 (0.85–0.96) | <0.0001 |
Osteoporosis | 1,365 (24.7) | 6,192 (22.4) | 1.14 (1.06–1.22) | <0.0001 |
Diseases of the genitourinary system | ||||
Renal insufficiency/failure | 1,166 (21.1) | 4,409 (16.0) | 1.37 (1.27–1.48) | <0.0001 |
Incontinence | 2,456 (44.5) | 6,392 (23.2) | 2.64 (2.49–2.81) | <0.0001 |
Injuries, fractures and fall risks | ||||
Fractures and injuries | 2,122 (38.4) | 8,505 (30.8) | 1.38 (1.30–1.47) | <0.0001 |
Fall risk and dizziness | 1,524 (27.6) | 5,519 (20.0) | 1.50 (1.40–1.60) | <0.0001 |