Non-participants | Study population | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
n = 772 | n = 1763 | ||||
n | % | n | % | p | |
Sex | |||||
Men | 347 | 44.9 | 805 | 45.7 | 0.762 |
Women | 425 | 55.1 | 958 | 54.3 | 0.762 |
Age, decade | |||||
60 | 314 | 40.7 | 979 | 55.5 | <0.001 |
70 | 147 | 19.0 | 350 | 19.9 | 0.664 |
80 | 222 | 28.8 | 379 | 21.5 | <0.001 |
90 | 89 | 11.5 | 55 | 3.1 | <0.001 |
Risk factors | |||||
Medical and psychological | |||||
Heart disease | 204/766 | 26.6 | 387/1759 | 22.0 | 0.012 |
Heart failure with symptoms | 97/740 | 13.1 | 91/1712 | 5.3 | <0.001 |
Stroke | 98/771 | 12.7 | 135/1758 | 7.7 | <0.001 |
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 39/769 | 5.1 | 36/1762 | 2.0 | <0.001 |
Diabetes. type 1 | 11/766 | 1.4 | 11/1757 | 0.6 | 0.044 |
Osteoporosis-related fracture | 119/765 | 15.6 | 174/1756 | 9.9 | <0.001 |
Hip fracture | 27/760 | 3.6 | 31/1742 | 1.8 | 0.007 |
Osteoarthritis of hip and/or knee | 152/772 | 19.7 | 316/1763 | 17.9 | 0.292 |
Dementia | 52/733 | 7.1 | 37/1701 | 2.2 | <0.001 |
Epilepsy | 13/769 | 1.7 | 14/1755 | 0.8 | 0.045 |
Parkinson’s disease | 11/764 | 1.4 | 6/1757 | 0.3 | 0.002 |
Anaemia | 90/719 | 12.5 | 100/1703 | 5.9 | <0.001 |
Depression | 135/758 | 17.8 | 301/1728 | 17.4 | 0.813 |
Psychosis and other mental illness | 18/768 | 2.3 | 41/1750 | 2.3 | 0.999 |
Cognitive impairment | 127/695 | 18.3 | 139/1715 | 8.1 | <0.001 |
Sleeping disorders | 317/772 | 41.1 | 660/1760 | 37.5 | 0.090 |
Medication use | |||||
Sedative and hypnotic drugs | 158/630 | 25.1 | 249/1283 | 19.4 | 0.004 |
Neuroleptic drugs | 17/630 | 2.7 | 16/1283 | 1.2 | 0.022 |
Anticholinergic drugs | 34/630 | 5.4 | 45/1283 | 3.5 | 0.051 |
Antihypertensive drugs | 85/630 | 13.5 | 150/1283 | 11.7 | 0.259 |
Diuretic drugs | 286/630 | 45.4 | 394/1283 | 30.7 | <0.001 |
Use of fall risk drugs | 393/772 | 50.9 | 635/1763 | 36.0 | <0.001 |
Use of other drugs | 237/772 | 30.7 | 648/1763 | 36.8 | 0.003 |
Sensory and neuromuscular | |||||
Vertigo | 276/772 | 35.8 | 572/1763 | 32.4 | 0.104 |
Current pain | 418/760 | 55.0 | 965/1742 | 55.4 | 0.855 |
Urine incontinence | 149/690 | 21.6 | 267/1720 | 15.5 | <0.001 |
Nocturia | 74/690 | 10.7 | 103/1720 | 6.0 | <0.001 |
Balance and mobility | |||||
Tendency to fall | 121/771 | 15.7 | 174/1762 | 9.9 | <0.001 |
Pain during movement | 441/764 | 57.7 | 1037/1763 | 58.8 | 0.607 |
Impaired mobility | 153/700 | 21.9 | 154/1730 | 8.9 | <0.001 |
Low walking speed | 372/617 | 60.3 | 728/1669 | 43.6 | <0.001 |
Low physical activity | 238/717 | 33.2 | 293/1739 | 16.8 | <0.001 |
Environmental and sociodemographic | |||||
Living alone | 347/772 | 44.9 | 695/1763 | 39.4 | 0.009 |
Residential home | 28/727 | 3.9 | 19/1744 | 1.1 | <0.001 |
Outdoor adaptation | 496/648 | 76.5 | 1204/1578 | 76.3 | 0.902 |
Indoor adaptation | 275/772 | 35.6 | 483/1763 | 27.4 | <0.001 |
Functional ability | |||||
Dependence in iADL | 93/686 | 13.6 | 169/1714 | 9.9 | 0.009 |
Dependence in pADL | 222/686 | 32.4 | 390/1714 | 22.8 | <0.001 |