Table 1 Summary of intervention arms

Strengthening and flexibility

• Lower extremity and trunk strengthening (i.e. sit to stand, heel-toe-raises, resistance bands)

• Lower extremity stretching (i.e. gastrocnemius, hamstrings, hip flexors)

Static and dynamic balance

• Challenging vestibular, visual and somatosensory system (i.e. altering base of support and/or surface, closing eyes, head movement)

• Elicit ankle, hip and stepping strategies

• Incorporate cognitive challenge and dual task

Mobility Training

• Assess appropriate assistive device

• Vary gait speed

• Challenge surface, distance, obstacles, cognitive and dual task, stop/start

Dynamic Stability Trip and Slip Training

• Progressively challenging anterior, posterior and lateral surface perturbation

• Step response to perturbation

• Walking recovery after perturbation