Table 1 Baseline differences between users and non-users of laxatives
Laxative user (N=8907) | Nonuser of laxatives (N=151,497) | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
Age | |||
< 60 | - | 51188 (33.8%) | < 0.0001 |
>= 60 | 6745 (75.7%) | 100309 (66.2%) | |
Race/ethnicity | |||
White | 7859 (88.2%) | 124468 (82.2%) | < 0.0001 |
Black | 630 (7.1%) | 13899 (9.2%) | |
Other | 418 (4.7%) | 13130 (8.7%) | |
BMI (kg/m2) | |||
<25 | 3334 (37.7%) | 52350 (34.9%) | < 0.0001 |
25 - <30 | 3079 (34.8%) | 52168 (34.7%) | |
>=30 | 2433 (27.5%) | 45624 (30.4%) | |
Smoking | |||
Never | 4353 (49.5%) | 76367 (51.1%) | < 0.0001 |
Past | 3995 (45.4%) | 62554 (41.8%) | |
Current | 451 (5.1%) | 10581 (7.1%) | |
> 7 Alcoholic drinks/week | |||
Nondrinker | 3885 (43.7%) | 63883 (42.3%) | 0.0252 |
No | 3972 (44.7%) | 69542 (46.1%) | |
Yes | 1026 (11.6%) | 17568 (11.6%) | |
Coffee intake | |||
0 cups a day | 3977 (45.1%) | 61373 (40.9%) | < 0.0001 |
<= 1 cup a day | 1428 (16.2%) | 23379 (15.6%) | |
1-3 cups a day | 2567 (29.1%) | 47787 (31.9%) | |
> 4 cups a day | 848 (9.6%) | 17359 (11.6%) | |
Diabetes | |||
No | 8482 (95.3%) | 144679 (95.6%) | 0.2068 |
Yes | 418 (4.7%) | 6680 (4.4%) | |
Physical activity (METs) h/wk | |||
0, Inactive | 1259 (14.6%) | 22956 (15.9%) | < 0.0001 |
< 5 | 1712 (19.8%) | 30445 (21.1%) | |
5-12 | 2083 (24.1%) | 34366 (23.8%) | |
>=12 | 3584 (41.5%) | 56535 (39.2%) | |
Last medical visit within one year | |||
No | 997 (11.5%) | 26958 (18.4%) | < 0.0001 |
Yes | 7683 (88.5%) | 119360 (81.6%) | |
Fair or poor self-reported health | |||
No | 7738 (87.4%) | 137171 (91.1%) | < 0.0001 |
Yes | 1119 (12.6%) | 13339 (8.9%) | |
Osteoporosis | |||
No | 7881 (89.4%) | 138322 (92.7%) | < 0.0001 |
Yes | 932 (10.6%) | 10972 (7.3%) | |
Physical functioning > 90 | |||
No | 6190 (70.7%) | 92769 (62.4%) | < 0.0001 |
Yes | 2567 (29.3%) | 55808 (37.6%) | |
Number of chronic conditionsa | |||
0 | 1771 (19.9%) | 43185 (28.5%) | < 0.0001 |
1 | 3016 (33.9%) | 53641 (35.4%) | |
2 | 2393 (26.9%) | 34652 (22.9%) | |
3 | 1226 (13.8%) | 14609 (9.6%) | |
>= 4 | 501 (5.6%) | 5410 (3.6%) | |
History of falls | |||
No | 7702 (86.5%) | 133542 (88.1%) | < 0.0001 |
Yes | 1205 (13.5%) | 17955 (11.9%) | |
Fracture on or after age 55 | |||
No | 5818 (81.9%) | 96946 (84.3%) | < 0.0001 |
Yes | 1290 (18.1%) | 17991 (15.7%) | |
Hormone therapy use | |||
Never used | 3233 (36.3%) | 66953 (44.2%) | < 0.0001 |
Past user | 1692 (19.0%) | 24005 (15.9%) | |
Current user | 3977 (44.7%) | 60405 (39.9%) | |
Bisphosphonates use | |||
No | 8679 (97.4%) | 148671 (98.1%) | < 0.0001 |
Yes | 228 (2.6%) | 2824 (1.9%) | |
Corticosteroid use | |||
No | 8813 (98.9%) | 150222 (99.2%) | 0.0319 |
Yes | 94 (1.1%) | 1273 (0.8%) | |
Calcitonin use | |||
No | 8861 (99.5%) | 151077 (99.7%) | < 0.0001 |
Yes | 46 (0.5%) | 418 (0.3%) | |
Psychoactive drug use | |||
No | 7123 (80.0%) | 136454 (90.1%) | < 0.0001 |
Yes | 1748 (20.0%) | 15043 (9.9%) | |
Total baseline calcium intake (mg/d) | |||
<400 | 458 (5.3%) | 11502 (7.8%) | < 0.0001 |
400 - <800 | 1850 (21.4%) | 38580 (26.3%) | |
800 - <1200 | 2145 (24.8%) | 36436 (24.8%) | |
>= 1200 | 4202 (48.5%) | 60392 (41.1%) | |
Calcium supplement use | |||
No | 2974 (33.4%) | 68257 (45.1%) | < 0.0001 |
Yes | 5933 (66.6%) | 83238 (54.9%) | |
Total baseline Vitamin D intake (IU/d) | |||
<200 | 2557 (29.5%) | 56042 (38.1%) | < 0.0001 |
200 - <400 | 1457 (16.8%) | 27342 (18.6%) | |
400 - <600 | 2440 (28.2%) | 35784 (24.4%) | |
>= 600 | 2201 (25.4%) | 27742 (18.9%) | |
Vitamin D supplement use | |||
No | 3647 (40.9%) | 80042 (52.8%) | < 0.0001 |
Yes | 5260 (59.1%) | 71453 (47.2%) | |
Baseline total body bone densityb | 1.017 | 1.014 | 0.5236 |
Baseline total body bone density adjustedc | 1.027 | 1.012 | 0.0017 |
Baseline lumbar spine bone densityb | 0.990 | 0.979 | 0.1551 |
Baseline lumbar spine bone density adjustedc | 0.998 | 0.978 | 0.0065 |
Baseline total hip bone densityb | 0.837 | 0.853 | 0.0123 |
Baseline total hip bone density adjustedc | 0.850 | 0.850 | 0.9395 |
Hormone therapy trial | |||
No | 7694 (86.4%) | 125585 (82.9%) | < 0.0001 |
Yes | 1213 (13.6%) | 25912 (17.1%) | |
Dietary modification trial | |||
No | 6652 (74.7%) | 105272 (69.5%) | < 0.0001 |
Yes | 2255 (25.3%) | 46225 (30.5%) | |
Calcium Vitamin D trial | |||
No | 7435 (83.5%) | 116920 (77.2%) | < 0.0001 |
Yes | 1472 (16.5%) | 34577 (22.8%) | |
Observational study | |||
No | 3168 (35.6%) | 64447 (42.5%) | < 0.0001 |
Yes | 5739 (64.4%) | 87050 (57.5%) | |