The association between serious upper gastrointestinal bleeding and incident bisphosphonate use: a population-based nested cohort study

Table 4 Logistic regression model: factors predicting gastrointestinal bleeding within 120 days of incident bisphosphonate use

Variable	Adjusted odds ratio (95% CI)	p -Value
Constant	0.002	0.000
Age (y)
≤ 80	1 (reference)
> 80	2.03 (1.40, 2.94)	0.000
Sex
Female	1 (reference)
Male	1.69 (1.05, 2.72)	0.030
Past history of gastric ulcer disease
No	1 (reference)
Yes	1.90 (1.21, 3.01)	0.006
Past history of serious GI bleeding
No	1 (reference)
Yes	2.28 (1.29, 4.03)	0.005
NSAIDs (oral)
No concurrent use	1 (reference)
Concurrent use	0.41 (0.21, 0.80)	0.008
Proton pump inhibitor drugs (oral)
No concurrent use	1 (reference)
Concurrent use	2.04 (1.35, 3.07)	0.001

CI = confidence interval; GI = gastrointestinal; NSAID = Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; UGIB = upper gastrointestinal bleed.

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