Table 1 Inclusion criteria – participant must fulfill all criteria to be admitted to the study

Telephone interview

Participant engages in less than 30 minutes of moderate exercise four days per week or 20 continuous minutes of vigorous exercise two days per week

Participant has a body mass index (BMI) of less than 35 kg/m²

Participant is able to walk independently outside and up and down at least 20 stairs

Participant has not been diagnosed with an active cardiovascular/cerebrovascular disease or obstructive airway disease that would preclude their ability to safely exercise

Participant has been a non-smoker for at least 12 months

Participant has not had major surgery or trauma in the last six months

Participant is free of debilitating neurological disorders (e.g., Multiple Sclerosis and AD)

Participant has written permission from their attending physician to participate in the study

On-site assessment

Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) score ≥ 24 [29]

History (i.e., cardiovascular, respiratory, hepatic, endocrine, neurological, endocrine, and musculoskeletal health) and physical examination by a study physician to assess safety/appropriateness for exercise. Current medications (i.e., prescribed, over-the-counter, and complementary agents), allergies, and/or history of any substance abuse issues noted.