Characteristics of patients misdiagnosed with Alzheimer’s disease and their medication use: an analysis of the NACC-UDS database

Table 2 Functional and clinical outcomes of the misdiagnosed and accurately diagnosed groups: adjusted comparisons

	Parameter estimate	Adjusted OR^a(95% CI)	p value	Parameter estimate	Adjusted OR^b(95% CI)	p value
Severity of cognitive impairment
MMSE (Mean)	-5.90		<.0001
Normal (>24)		1.00 (Ref)
Mild (21–24)		2.20 (1.04, 4.65)	.0388
Moderate (10–20)		4.27 (2.07, 8.80)	<.0001
Severe (<= 9)		8.16 (3.48, 19.15)	<.0001
Missing		5.93 (2.30, 15.30)	.0002
Functional status
Functional activities questionnaire (FAQ), total score (Mean)	3.24		.0003	-0.90		.1823
Impaired level of functioning, FAQ > =9		2.56 (1.11, 5.93)	.0281		1.09 (0.40, 2.92)	.8703
Neuropsychiatric symptoms
Neuropsychiatric inventory questionnaire (NPI-Q), total score (Mean)	0.81		.2018	0.55		.4222
Patients with depression and dysphoria (NPI-Q)		1.99 (1.09, 3.63)	.0251		2.15 (1.14, 4.07)	.0183
Severity level for patients with depression and dysphoria (NPI-Q)	-0.18		.2697	-0.21		.2327

NOTE: CI = Confidence interval, SD = standard deviation, MMSE = Mini Mental Status Examination; Analyses of covariance were used for continuous outcomes.
^aAdjusted for age (continuous – in years), education (continuous – in years), gender, race (white vs. minority), and marital status (married vs. other).
^bAdjusted for age (continuous – in years), education (continuous – in years), gender, race (white vs. minority), marital status (married vs. other), dementia severity (MMSE), time since onset of cognitive decline, and probable AD diagnosis at Time 1.

ISSN: 1471-2318