Sex differences in circumstances and consequences of outdoor and indoor falls in older adults in the MOBILIZE Boston cohort study

Table 3 Sex-specific rates of injurious falls (per 100 person-years) and women-to-men rate ratios (RR) with 95% confidence intervals, by place of falling and injury type and severity

	Men	Women	Crude RR	Adjusted^#RR
Outdoor falls
Any injury	17.4 (14.2 - 21.3)	17.6 (14.7 - 21.0)	1.01 (0.77 - 1.33)	1.15 (0.88 - 1.51)
Fracture	1.3 (0.7 - 2.5)	1.9 (1.3 - 2.8)	1.44 (0.69 - 3.01)	1.77 (0.85 - 3.68)
Other serious injury	2.1 (1.2 - 3.6)	2.1 (1.4 - 3.1)	0.99 (0.51 - 1.93)	1.12 (0.58 - 2.18)
Hospital admission	0.8 (0.4 - 1.8)	0.9 (0.5 - 1.7)	1.14 (0.41 - 3.20)	1.08 (0.37 - 3.17)
Indoor falls
Any injury	10.7 (8.0 - 14.3)	20.9 (17.8 - 24.6)	1.98 (1.44 - 2.72)**	1.97 (1.44 - 2.68)**
Fracture	0.8 (0.2 - 2.8)	2.9 (2.0 - 4.2)	4.28 (1.58 - 11.62)**	4.68 (1.52 - 14.4)**
Other serious injury	1.6 (0.9 - 2.8)	3.6 (2.6 - 5.0)	2.24 (1.14 - 4.42)*	2.48 (1.20 - 5.13)*
Hospital admission	1.6 (0.7 - 3.6)	3.0 (2.1 - 4.2)	1.90 (0.92 - 3.94)	1.71 (0.81 - 3.60)

“Any injury” includes any positive response to the query “Did you hurt yourself in any way when you fell?”
“Other serious injury” includes sprains; pulled or torn muscles, tendons or ligaments; dislocated joints; and concussions.
All rates and rate ratios estimated by negative binomial regression.
*p-value <0.05, ** p-value <0.01.
^#Rate ratios adjusted for a combined risk score composed of the characteristics in Table 1: age, education, race, body mass index, physical activity, blocks walked per week, outdoor walking type, balance, chair-stand ability, gait speed, activities of daily living, short physical performance battery, reduced activity due to illness in past year, poor vision, bodily pain, number of comorbidities, self-rated health, peripheral neuropathy, foot pain, knee osteoarthritis, depression, number of medications, use of psychotropic medication, MMSE, Trails-B score, number of falls in year before baseline and falls efficacy.

ISSN: 1471-2318