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Table 4 Multivariate logistic regression of the association of perceived social support and social networks with poor self-rated health in men, controlling for covariates

From: Gender differences in the association of perceived social support and social network with self-rated health status among older adults: a population-based study in Brazil

 

Model 1

Model 2

Model 3

Model 4

Model 5

Model 6

 

OR 95% CI

OR 95% CI

OR 95% CI

OR 95% CI

OR 95% CI

OR 95% CI

1st Block - Social support and social network

      

Perceived social support

      

People to count on

      

  Yes

1

1

1

1

1

1

  No

1.56 (1.07 – 2.28)*

1.58 (1.08 – 2.31)*

1.28 (0.74 – 2.20)

1.32 (0.77 - 2.29)

1.43 (0.75 - 2.72)

1.10 (0.62 – 1.94)

Social networks

      

Participation in group activities

      

  Yes

1

1

    

  No

1.54 (1.17 – 2.02)*

1.52 (1.15 – 2.01)*

1.69 (1.24 – 2.30)*

1.57 (1.13 – 2.18)*

1.63 (1.17 – 2.26)*

1.63 (1.16 – 2.30)*

2nd Block - Demographic

      

Age group (years)

      

  60 - 69

 

1

1

1

1

1

  70 - 79

 

0.93 (0.72 – 1.21)

0.65 (0.46 – 0.92)*

0.64 (0.44 – 0.93)*

0.73 (0.49 – 1.08)

0.49 (0.34 – 0.73)*

  ≥ 80

 

1.17 (0.75 – 1.81)

0.90 (0.49 – 1.63)

0.92 (0.51 – 1.67)

0.98 (0.52 – 1.82)

0.71 (0.34 – 1.47)

3rd Block - Socioeconomic characteristics

      

Years of schooling

      

  9 years or more

  

1

1

1

1

  5-8 years

  

1.43 (0.89 – 2.30)

1.41 (0.87 – 2.27)

1.42 (0.86 – 2.34)

1.26 (0.76 – 2.11)

  1-4 years

  

1.60 (0.99 – 2.57)

1.59 (0.97 – 2.60)

1.79 (1.08 – 2.98)*

1.44 (0.83 – 2.48)

  No formal education

  

2.06 (0.99 – 4.31)

1.95 (0.91 – 4.17)

2.09 (0.87 – 5.02)

1.24 (0.46 – 3.34)

Income level†

      

  3.1 and over 1

  

1

1

1

1

  1.0-3.0

  

1.18 (0.78 – 1.81)

1.15 (0.75 – 1.76)

1.06 (0.68 – 1.66)

1.18 (0.71 – 1.96)

  Up to

  

2.05 (1.27 - 3.31)*

1.86 (1.12 - 3.08)*

2.03 (1.16 – 3.55)*

1.87 (1.07 – 3.26)*

Employment status (working)

      

  Yes

  

1

1

1

1

  No

  

1.67 (1.20 - 2.32)*

1.63 (1.15 - 2.30)*

1.63 (1.14 - 2.33)*

1.47 (1.01 – 2.13)*

4th Block - Health-related behaviours

      

Regular physical activities‡

      

  Yes

   

1

1

1

  No

   

1.57 (1.03 – 2.38)*

1.59 (1.01 – 2.51)*

1.42 (0.91 – 2.22)

Smoking

      

  Non-smoker

   

1

  

  Former smoker

   

1.24 (0.85 – 1.79)

  

  Current smoker

   

1.45 (0.80 – 2.61)

  

5th Block - Use of health services

      

Health insurance

    

1

 

  Yes

    

1.26 (0.70 – 2.26)

 

  No

      

Use of health services

      

  Private

    

1

 

  Public

    

0.86 (0.45 - 1.64)

 

6th Block - Functional status and somatic health problems

      

Functional status measures§

      

  Independent (ADL/IADL = 0)

     

1

  Partially dependent (ADL = 0/IADL ≥ 1)

     

1.45 (0.93 – 2.28)

  Dependent (ADL ≥ 1)

     

3.44 (1.70 - 6.97)*

Somatic health problems

      

Number of somatic health problems

      

  0

     

1

  1

     

1.57 (0.70 – 3.49)

  2 - 4

     

2.41 (0.96 – 6.09)

  ≥ 5

     

3.97 (0.98 – 16.00)

Joint diseases

     

1.03 (0.69 - 1.53)

Depression

     

2.04 (1.26 - 3.31)*

Hypertension

     

1.07 (0.65 - 1.76)

Diabetes

     

1.34 (0.78 - 2.34)

  1. † Income Level is presented in Minimum Wage Salaries.
  2. ‡ Regular physical activities: 5 or more times per week for at least 30 minutes.
  3. §ADL: Basic Activities of Daily Living; IADL: Instrumental Activities of Daily Living.
  4. * p < 0.05; † p < 0.001.
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