Table 2 Odds ratios for self-reported good health and depressive symptoms among older South Africans
From: Social capital and health among older adults in South Africa
Variables | Self-rated good health | Depression symptoms | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
Sociodemographics | Unadjusted OR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | Unadjusted OR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR (95% CI) |
Age | ||||
50–59 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | --- |
60–69 | 0.62 (0.48-0.80)*** | 0.65 (0.48-0.87)** | 0.86 (0.65-1.15) | |
70–79 | 0.46 (0.28-0.76)** | 0.49 (0.29-0.82)** | 0.86 (0.64-1.14) | |
80+ | 0.39 (0.19-0.80)* | 0.55 (0.24-1.29) | 0.91 (0.56-1.48) | |
Gender | ||||
Female | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Male | 1.37 (1.04-1.81)* | 1.01 (0.74-1.38) | 0.82 (0.67-1.00)* | 1.06 (0.82-1.38) |
Educational level | ||||
No schooling | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | --- |
Less than primary | 0.73 (0.51-1.05) | 0.82 (0.54-1.25) | 1.18 (0.88-1.57) | |
Primary | 0.79 (0.49-1.28) | 0.92 (0.58-1.45) | 1.17 (0.82-1.66) | |
Secondary | 1.79 (1.13-2.84)* | 1.63 (1.06-2.07)* | 0.77 (0.55-1.08) | |
Wealth | ||||
Low | 1.00 | --- | 1.00 | --- |
Medium | 1.30 (0.76-2.23) | 1.05 (0.57-1.93) | ||
High | 1.78 (0.97-3.25) | 0.84 (0.42-1.68) | ||
Social capital | ||||
Married/cohabiting | 1.71 (1.37-2.13)*** | 1.48 (1.06-2.07)* | 0.68 (0.53-0.88)** | 0.68 (0.51-0.91)* |
Social action | ||||
Low | 1.00 | --- | 1.00 | --- |
Medium | 1.36 (0.86-2.14) | 0.99 (0.70-1.41) | ||
High | 1.07 (0.79-1.47) | 0.91 (0.46-1.40) | ||
Sociability | ||||
Low | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | --- |
Medium | 1.58 (1.00-2.49)* | 1.44 (0.88-2.35) | 0.79 (0.56-1.11) | |
High | 1.85 (0.85-4.02) | 1.54 (0.82-2.87) | 0.99 (0.60-1.62) | |
Trust and solidarity | ||||
Low | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Medium | 1.31 (0.73-2.34) | 1.13 (0.72-1.77) | 0.64 (0.37-1.11) | 0.74 (0.47-1.18) |
High | 2.40 (1.19-4.86)* | 1.89 (1.09-3.30)* | 0.42 (0.21-0.85)* | 0.49 (0.27-0.88)* |
Safety | ||||
Low | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Medium | 1.02 (0.62-1.69) | 1.19 (0.69-2.05) | 0.60 (0.37-0.98)* | 0.57 (0.31-1.03) |
High | 1.94 (1.18-3.18)** | 1.65 (0.96-2.84) | 0.55 (0.29-1.05) | 0.80 (0.44-1.43) |
Civic engagement | ||||
Low | 1.00 | --- | 1.00 | --- |
Medium | 1.22 (0.65-2.31) | 1.29 (0.78 -2.12) | ||
High | 1.36 (0.75-2.47) | 1.22 (0.75-1.97) | ||
Psychological resources | ||||
Low | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Medium | 2.76 (1.79-4.26)*** | 2.22 (1.45-3.41)*** | 0.32 (0.19-0.55)*** | 0.34 (0.21-0.56)*** |
High | 4.20 (2.33-7.59)*** | 3.18 (1.69-6.00)*** | 0.24 (0.12-0.47)*** | 0.22 (0.11-0.45)*** |