Table 4 Predictive strength of physical frailty indicators on ADL disability
Physical frailty indicator | Total number of studies | Number of studies, only including participants free of disability at baseline, that reported a significant increased risk of ADL disability (Number of cohorts) ++ | Number of studies, including both participants free and not free of ADL disability at baseline, that reported a significant increased risk of ADL disability (Number of cohorts) + | Number of studies reporting no significant increased risk of ADL disability (Number of cohorts) - |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Weight loss | 4 | 4 (4) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
Exhaustion | 1 | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (1) |
Gait speed | 12 | 9 (6) | 3 (3) | 0 (0) |
Muscle strength | 10 | 4 (2) | 3 (3) | 3 (3) |
Physical activity | 9 | 5 (5) | 4 (4) | 0 (0) |
Balance | 6 | 4 (3) | 1 (1) | 1 (1) |
Others: | Â | Â | Â | Â |
- Lower extremity function | 5 | 4 (4) | 1 (1) | 0 (0) |
- Chair stands | 3 | 2 (2) | 1 (1) | 0 (0) |
- 360° turn, bending over, foot taps, hand signature | 1 | 1 (1) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |