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Table 4 Between Group Changes From Baseline to 3 Months

From: Effect of standing posture during whole body vibration training on muscle morphology and function in older adults: A randomised controlled trial

Variable

FK

LK

CON

  
    

p value

Power

 

(n = 5)

(n = 4)

(n = 7)

  

Muscle Function and Mass

     

Maximal Strength (N) a-

     

- Leg Press

93.03 (-4.3, 190.37)

202.32 (85.05, 319.59)

9.59 (-75.11, 94.30)

0.05*

0.59

- Chest press

-2.46 (-50.38, 45.50)

-3.72 (-98.91, 61.46)

-12.51 (-56.40, 31.38)

0.93

0.06

Peak Power (W) b-

     

- Leg Press

41.19 (-23.99, 106.37)

95.73 (22.12, 169.35)

119.19 (65.74, 172.63)

0.18

0.29

- Chest Press

11.34 (-13.02, 35.70)

-0.09 (-47.04,47.02)

3.08 (-26.43, 32.58)

0.81

0.07

Peak Velocity (cm/s) b-

     

- Leg Press

-10.36 (-140.71, 119.99)

43.02 (-104.10, 190.15)

59.53 (-48.98, 168.05)

0.68

0.10

- Chest Press

15.48 (3.59, 27.37)

-3.12 (-24.81, 18.58)

0.33 (-13.42, 14.08)

0.15

0.34

Skeletal Muscle Cross - Sectional Area measured at 66% site (cm 2 ) b,c

- Mid-Calf

2.43 (-2.02, 6.94)

3.65 (-1.91, 9.20)

-2.2 (-6.043, 1.65)

0.13

0.39

- Mid-Forearm

-0.24 (-1.52, 1.04)

-0.48 (-2.18, 1.23)

0.03 (-1.16, 1.22)

0.87

0.07

Functional Performance

Balance Index d

0.73 (-10.83, 12.28)

-7.19 (-20.42, 6.04)

-11.35 (-22.24, -0.47)

0.28

0.24

5 Chair Rise Time (s)

-0.65 (-2.07, 0.78)

-1.29 (-2.87, 0.30)

-1.29 (-2.59, 0.01)

0.73

0.09

Stair Climb Power (W) e

84.10 (-28.02, 196.30)

63.68 (-55.17, 182.54)

42.75 (-63.86, 149.35)

0.86

0.07

Habitual Gait Velocity (m/s) f

0.40 (-0.02, 0.81)

0.04 (-0.04, 0.50)

0.07 (-0.30, 0.45)

0.38

0.19

Maximal Gait Velocity (m/s) f

0.09 (-0.11, 0.30)

0.01 (-0.22, 0.24)

0.09 (-0.1, 0.28)

0.81

0.75

Six Minute Walk Distance (m)

36.15 (3.18, 69.12)

22.92 (-14.27, 60.11)

31.58 (1.01, 62.15)

0.84

0.07

  1. Data presented as Estimated Marginal Means, adjusted mean difference (95% Confidence Intervals) after Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) testing using baseline values as the covariate
  2. All data presented as mean ± SD
  3. WBV FK: Whole Body Vibration Flexed Knees Group
  4. WBV LK: Whole Body Vibration Locked Knees Group
  5. CON: Control Group
  6. * Indicates a significant difference between the three groups (p ≤ 0.05)
  7. a Maximal strength was measured via 1 repetition maximum (1RM) testing in Newtons
  8. b Estimated Marginal Means after Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) testing using baseline values and month of baseline pQCT scan as covariates
  9. c Measured by Peripheral Quantitative Computed Tomography (pQCT)
  10. d Balance index : (Sum of 12 sway measures + (180 - sum of 6 time measures) [49]
  11. e Stair climb power (W): Body Mass (kg) × vertical height of the staircase (m) × 9.8/time (s)
  12. f Gait velocity (average of 2 trials for habitual gait; maximal of 2 trials for maximal gait) measured over 2 m using an Ultratimer
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BMC Geriatrics

ISSN: 1471-2318

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