Table 2 Characteristics of included studies and participants, Ginkgo biloba for dementia
From: Effects of Ginkgo biloba in dementia: systematic review and meta-analysis
|
Study Authors, date | Inclusion criteria | Setting |
Duration (weeks) | Treatment groups | Na | Drop out rate N (%) |
Age Mean (SD)b |
Sex % Female | Baseline cognition | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Scale (SD) | Mean | |||||||||
|
Kanowski et al. 1996/2003 [29, 36] All patients | DSM-III-R Alzheimer's or vascular dementia, age > 54 ys, SKT 6-18, MMSE 13-25, no cerebral atrophy, MADRS < 41 | Outpatients | 24 |
Ginkgo biloba 240 mg Placebo |
106 99 |
27 (25) 22 (22) |
72 (10) 72 (10) |
68 71 | SKT |
10,5 (3,2) 11,2 (3,3) |
| Only Alzheimer |
79 79 | n.a. |
72 (10) 72 (10) |
71 73 |
10,3 (3,1) 10,9 (3,3) | |||||
|
Le Bars et al. 1997/2000 [30, 37] All patients | DSM-III-R and ICD-10 Alzheimer's or vascular dementia, age > 44 ys, MMSE 9-26, GDS 3-6, no psychiatric comorbidity | Outpatients | 52 |
Ginkgo biloba 120 mg Placebo |
155 154 |
77 (50) 95 (62) |
69 (47-89) 69 (45-90) |
51 56 | ADAS-cog |
20,0 (16,0)c
20,5 (14,7)c |
| Only Alzheimer |
120 116 | n.a. |
68 (47-89) 68 (45-90) |
54 62 |
19,7 (16,4) 20,2 (15,2) | |||||
| Maurer et al. 1997 [31] | DSM-III-R and NINCDS/ADRDA Alzheimer's or vascular dementia, age 50-80 ys, BCRS 3-5, Hachinski-Ischemia Score ≤ 4, no psychiatric comorbidity. | Outpatients | 12 |
Ginkgo biloba 240 mg Placebo |
9 9 |
1 (10) 1 (10) |
68,5 (6,0) 60,6 (8,9) |
56 44 | ADAS-cog |
31,2 (12,6) 36,1 (15,2) |
| van Dongen et al. 2000 [34, 45] | DSM-III-R or ICD-10 Alzheimer's or vascular dementia, or AAMI (clinical diagnosis), age > 49, SKT 8-23, AAMI: MAC-Q ≥ 12 and no dementia (SIDAM), GDS < 11, IQ > 80, no psychiatric comorbidity | Nursing home/old age home | 24 |
Ginkgo biloba 160 mg or 240 mg Placebo |
79 44 |
14 (18) 4 (9) |
83 (n.a.) 83 (n.a.) |
86 82 | MMSE |
18,0 (4,9) 18,7 (4,6) |
| Schneider et al. 2005 [33] | NINCDS/ADRDA probable Alzheimer dementia, age ≥ 60, MMSE 10-24, Hachinski-Ischemia Score ≤ 4, HAM-D < 16, no psychiatric comorbidity | Outpatients | 26 |
Ginkgo biloba 240 mg Ginkgo biloba 120 mg Placebo |
170 169 174 |
30 (18) 34 (20) 39 (22) |
78 (7) 79 (7) 78 (7) |
56 50 52 | ADAS-cog |
24,8 (12,7) 24,7 (11,9) 25,0 (11,1) |
| Yancheva et al 2009 [35] | NINCDS/ADRDA probable Alzheimer dementia, age ≥ 50, Clock-drawing Test Score < 6, SKT 9-23, NPI ≥ 5 | Outpatients | 22 |
Ginkgo biloba 240 mg Donepezil 10 mg Combination of both |
31 32 31 |
1 (3) 4 (1) 2 (6) |
69 (8) 66 (8) 68 (9) |
55 84 68 | SKT |
15,7 (4,7) 17,4 (4,2) 17,4 (4,4) |
|
Napryeyenko et al. 2007 [32, 51] All patients | NINCDS/ADRDA probable Alzheimer or probable NINDS/AIREN vascular dementia or mixed form, age ≥ 50, Clock-drawing Test Score < 6, SKT 9-23, HAMD17 < 20, NPI ≥ 3, TE4D ≤ 35 | Outpatients | 22 |
Ginkgo biloba 240 mg Placebo |
198 197 |
4 (2) 5 (3) |
65 (8) 63 (8) |
86 82 | SKT |
15,6 (3,9) 15,4 (3,7) |
| Only Alzheimer |
104 110 | n.a. |
66 (8) 64 (8) |
67 71 |
16,4 (3,8) 15,8 (3,8) | |||||
| McCarney et al. 2008 [2] | DSM-IV dementia, age ≥ 55, MMSE 12-26, presence of a caregiver, Ginkgo biloba was allowed until 2 weeks and cholinesterase inhibitors until 2 months before inclusion | Outpatients | 24 |
Ginkgo biloba 120 mg Placebo |
88 88 |
25 (28) 20 (23) |
79,3 (7,8) 79,7 (7,5) |
58 64 | ADAS-cog |
20,4 (8,2) 25,0 (10,3) |
|
Ihl et al. 2009 All patients | NINCDS/ADRDA probable Alzheimer or probable NINDS/AIREN vascular dementia or mixed form, age ≥ 50, Clock-drawing Test Score < 6, SKT 9-23, HAMD17 < 20, NPI ≥ 3, TE4D ≤ 35 | Outpatients | 24 |
Ginkgo biloba 240 mg Placebo |
202 202 |
16 (8) 12 (6) |
65 (10) 65 (9) |
69 66 | SKT |
16,7 (3,9) 17,2 (3,7) |
| Only Alzheimer |
163 170 |
65 (10) 64 (9) |
67 65 |
16,4 (3,8) 17,0 (3,8) |