Fig. 2

The Proposed taxonomy of acute care models for older people. Legend: The taxonomy was defined using key features of the care models; Care models were initially differentiated based on location. Acute bedded frailty units operated from a fixed bed base or offering consultation to general medical wards. Hospital at home models were differentiated based on their use of telemedicine. Physician intensive models used face to face review at home as standard. Remote oversight models were primarily delivered by specialist nurses with care supported provided remotely by physicians on a selective basis. Emergency Department in reach models could be differentiated by their staffing model. Nurse led care coordination without direct input from a dedicated geriatrician or care delivered by geriatricians within the Emergency Department. Care home models were differentiated by their primary location of activity, either services offered within the care home or adaptations to the care pathway following transfer to the Emergency Department