Minding your steps: a cross-sectional pilot study using foot-worn inertial sensors and dual-task gait analysis to assess the cognitive status of older adults with mobility limitations

Table 7 Associations between gait metrics and MoCA scores in multiple bivariate linear regression analysis (n=29)

Gait metric	Model Summary			Coefficients
Gait metric	R²	Adj. R²	SE	B	\(\varvec{\beta }\)	p
Stride time DTE (%)	0.193	0.163	2.660	-0.131	-0.439	0.017*
Speed DTE (%)	0.258	0.230	2.550	0.114	0.508	0.005*
Foot flat ratio DTE (%)	0.173	0.142	2.693	-0.076	-0.416	0.025*
Pushing ratio DTE (%)	0.162	0.130	2.711	0.140	0.402	0.031*
Liftoff angle DTE (%)	0.247	0.219	2.570	0.166	0.497	0.006*
Min toe clearance DTE (%)	0.166	0.135	2.705	0.056	0.407	0.028*
Heel 3D path length DTE (%)	0.244	0.216	2.575	0.222	0.494	0.006*
DT Stride time variability (%)	0.031	-0.004	2.914	-0.096	-0.177	0.357
DT Stride length variability (%)	0.097	0.064	2.813	-0.271	-0.312	0.099
DT Speed variability (%)	0.086	0.052	2.831	-0.181	-0.293	0.123
DT Liftoff angle variability (%)	0.124	0.092	2.771	-0.163	-0.353	0.061
DT Heel trajectory forward MAD (mm)	0.093	0.059	2.820	-0.096	-0.305	0.108
DT Toe trajectory forward MAD (mm)	0.064	0.029	2.865	-0.081	-0.252	0.187
DT Heel 3D path length variability (%)	0.163	0.132	2.708	-0.326	-0.404	0.030*
DT Toe 3D path length variability (%)	0.153	0.121	2.725	-0.356	-0.391	0.036*
DT Loading ratio asymmetry (%)	0.180	0.150	2.681	-0.157	-0.425	0.022*
DT Liftoff angle asymmetry (%)	0.067	0.032	2.861	-0.099	-0.258	0.177

DTE dual-task effect, DT dual-task, MAD mean absolute deviation, R² coefficient of determination, Adj. R² adjusted R², SE standard error of the estimate, B unstandardized coefficients, \(\beta\) standardized coefficients
*\(p<0.05\), bold values indicate significance

ISSN: 1471-2318