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Table 2 Comparison of average temporal gait parameters within groups (single- vs dual-task) and between groups (control vs CI group), including dual-task effects (DTEs)

From: Minding your steps: a cross-sectional pilot study using foot-worn inertial sensors and dual-task gait analysis to assess the cognitive status of older adults with mobility limitations

Gait metric

Control group (n=13)

CI group (n=16)

Statistic

p-value

Stride time DTE (%)

6.49 ± 6.63

14.28 ± 10.69

T = -2.291

0.03*

ST stride time (s)

1.15 ± 0.16

1.18 ± 0.19

U = 98.5

0.809

DT stride time (s)

1.22 ± 0.21

1.34 ± 0.23

U = 64.0

0.079

 

T = -3.424; p = 0.005*

T = -4.804; p < 0.001*

  

Swing time DTE (%)

2.47 ± 6.45

8.52 ± 7.55

U = 56.0

0.035*

ST swing time (s)

0.35 ± 0.04

0.38 ± 0.05

U = 72.0

0.160

DT swing time (s)

0.36 ± 0.05

0.41 ± 0.06

U = 55.0

0.032*

 

W = 25.5; p = 0.162

T = -4.175; p < 0.001*

  

Stance time DTE (%)

8.31 ± 7.4

16.96 ± 12.36

T = -2.216

0.035*

ST stance time (s)

0.79 ± 0.13

0.8 ± 0.14

U = 106.5

0.913

DT stance time (s)

0.86 ± 0.17

0.93 ± 0.18

U = 74.5

0.196

 

W = 3.0; p = 0.003*

W = 5.0; p = 0.001*

  

Swing ratio DTE (%)

-3.49 ± 3.12

-4.64 ± 3.74

T = 0.881

0.386

ST swing ratio (%)

31.06 ± 2.01

32.36 ± 1.91

T = -1.778

0.087

DT swing ratio (%)

29.98 ± 2.18

30.88 ± 2.44

U = 71.0

0.148

 

T = 4.114; p = 0.001*

T = 5.354; p < 0.001*

  

Stance ratio DTE (%)

1.57 ± 1.37

2.18 ± 1.58

T = -1.079

0.290

ST stance ratio (%)

68.94 ± 2.01

67.64 ± 1.91

T = 1.778

0.087

DT stance ratio (%)

70.02 ± 2.18

69.12 ± 2.44

U = 137.0

0.148

 

T = -4.114; p = 0.001*

T = -5.354; p< 0.001*

  

Foot flat ratio DTE (%)

7.99 ± 7.92

21.74 ± 18.37

T = -2.7

0.013*

ST foot flat ratio (%)

37.67 ± 6.25

34.56 ± 6.73

U = 137.0

0.148

DT foot flat ratio (%)

40.76 ± 7.67

41.29 ± 5.77

U = 108.0

0.861

 

T = -3.637; p = 0.003*

T = -5.208; p < 0.001*

  

Pushing ratio DTE (%)

-2.50 ± 6.45

-9.70 ± 8.44

U = 159.0

0.016*

ST pushing ratio (%)

31.97 ± 3.25

34.09 ± 4.88

T = -1.342

0.191

DT pushing ratio (%)

31.16 ± 3.67

30.59 ± 3.84

U = 117.0

0.569

 

W = 23.0; p = 0.116

W = 3.0; p < 0.001*

  

Loading ratio DTE (%)

-8.18 ± 6.3

-9.89 ± 10.47

U = 130.0

0.254

ST loading ratio (%)

30.36 ± 5.0

31.35 ± 5.5

U = 98.0

0.792

DT loading ratio (%)

28.07 ± 6.02

28.12 ± 5.08

U = 106.5

0.913

 

W = 2.0; p = 0.002*

W = 13.0; p = 0.004*

  
  1. Data are mean values ± standard deviation. Between-group differences were evaluated using the Independent Samples T-test (T) or the Mann-Whitney U test (U), as appropriate. Differences between single- and dual-task measures were evaluated using Paired Samples T-tests (T) or Wilcoxon signed-rank tests (W), as appropriate
  2. DTE dual-task effect, ST single-task, DT dual-task
  3. *\(p<0.05\), p-values are two-tailed significance and bold values indicate significance
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BMC Geriatrics

ISSN: 1471-2318

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