Table 1 Baseline characteristics of study participants according to quartiles of HGS

Gender

 < 0.001

 Male

3,358 (47.7%)

243 (13.8%)

529 (27.6%)

976 (60.1%)

1,610 (93.1%)

 Female

3,678 (52.3%)

1,522 (86.2%)

1,389 (72.4%)

648 (39.9%)

119 (6.9%)

Age group

0.702

 [60, 70]

4,572 (65.0%)

1,154 (65.4%)

1,231 (64.2%)

1,048 (64.5%)

1,139 (65.9%)

  > 70

2,464 (35.0%)

611 (34.6%)

687 (35.8%)

576 (35.5%)

590 (34.1%)

Marry

 < 0.001

 Married

6,227 (88.5%)

1,395 (79.0%)

1,693 (88.3%)

1,480 (91.1%)

1,659 (96.0%)

 Single

809 (11.5%)

370 (21.0%)

225 (11.7%)

144 (8.9%)

70 (4.0%)

BMI (kg/m²) (n = 6,991)

 < 0.001

  ≤ 18.4

351 (5.0%)

147 (8.4%)

96 (5.0%)

64 (4.0%)

44 (2.6%)

 18.5–23.9

3,263 (46.7%)

851 (48.6%)

892 (46.9%)

783 (48.5%)

737 (42.7%)

  ≥ 24.0

3,377 (48.3%)

752 (43.0%)

913 (48.0%)

768 (47.6%)

944 (54.7%)

Sleep (h) (n = 6,967)

 < 0.001

  ≤ 6

3,384 (48.6%)

938 (54.2%)

933 (49.2%)

771 (43.1%)

741 (43.1%)

  > 6

3,583 (51.4%)

794 (45.8%)

965 (45.8%)

981 (56.9%)

981 (56.9%)

Comorbidities

0.223

 None

6,933 (98.5%)

1,745 (98.9%)

1,892 (98.6%)

1,592 (98.0%)

1,704 (98.6%)

 At least one

103 (1.5%)

20 (1.1%)

26 (1.4%)

32 (2.0%)

25 (1.4%)

Smoking (n = 4,545)

 < 0.001

 No

3,968 (87.3%)

1395 (96.6%)

1383 (95.8%)

783 (84.7%)

407 (55.4%)

 Yes

577 (12.7%)

49 (3.4%)

60 (4.2%)

141 (15.3%)

327 (44.6%)

Drinking (n = 7,032)

 < 0.001

 No

4,501 (64.0%)

1,448 (82.1%)

1,436 (74.9%)

957 (59.0%)

660 (38.2%)

 Yes

2,531 (36.0%)

315 (17.9%)

481 (25.1%)

666 (41.0%)

1,069 (61.8%)