Table 1 Demographic Features of Study Population and SwalQoL Scores According to Cognitive Status

Age, years

73.88 ± 6.76

75.58 ± 5.53

80.60 ± 7.99

< 0.001

Sex, Female

18 (51.4)

23(63.9)

18.0(60.0)

0.56

Education, ≤ 5 years

17(50.0)^a

27(75.0)

26(86.7)

0.004

Multimorbidities

Diabetes Mellitus

18(51.4)

13(36.1)

7(23.3)

0.064

Hypertension

27(77.1)

26(72.2)

22(73.3)

0.88

Hyperlipidemia

12(34.3)

10(27.8)

7(23.3)

0.62

Coronary Artery Disease

11 (31.4)

11(30.6)

10(33.3)

0.97

Hypothyroidism

13(37.1)^a

2(5.6)

2(5.6)

< 0.001

Malignancy

6(17.1)

7(19.4)

2(6.7)

0.31

Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment

Patients Living with Frailty,CFS

5(14.3)^a

15(41.7)

28(93.3)

< 0.001

Patients Living with Frailty,FRAIL

11(32.4)

15(44.1)

26(86.7)^a

< 0.001

Basic ADL

6.0[1.0]

6.0[1.0]

3.0[3.0]

< 0.001

IADL

8.0[0.0]

6.0[3.0]

1.0[2.0]

< 0.001

MMSE

28[5.25]

24[8.0]

17.0[9.0]

< 0.001

Yesavage GDS

3.0[7.0]

3.0[3.0]

5.0[5.0]

0.016

Depression Risk (GDS ≥ 5)

13(37.1)

9(25.0)

6(20.0)

0.28

Polypharmacy

24(68.6)

28(77.8)

23(76.7)

0.63

Malnutrition

Risk of Malnutrition

3(8.6)

10(28.6) ^a

6(18.2)

19(57.6)

8(27.6)

16(55.2)

0.001

Incontinence

9(25.7) ^a

19(57.8)

23(76.7)

< 0.001

Falls

3(8.6)^a

12(35.3)

12(40.0)

0.008

Low Gait Speed (≤ 0.8 m/sec)*

21(60.0)

25(69.4)

27(90.0)^a

0.024

EAT-10(≥ 3)*

14(40.0)

23(63.9)^a

27(90)^a

< 0.001

SWALQoL QUESTIONNAIRE

Burden

100.0[0.0]

100.0[12.5]

87.50[28.13]

0.005

Duration

100.0[12.5]

100.0[34.8]

75.0[56.25]

0.003

Desire

100.0[16.7]

100.0[31.22]

79.15[35.38]

0.001

Frequency

98.2[3.6]

94.60[12.03]

84.80[17.88]

< 0.001

Food Selection

100.0[25.0]

100.0[37.5]

62.50[65.63]

< 0.001

Communication

100.0[0.0]

100.0[0.0]

100.0[25.0]

0.029

Fear

100.0[0.0]

100.0[4.69]

100.0[29.69]

0.20

Mental Health

100.0[0.0]

100.0[3.75]

100.0[16.25]

0.015

Social

100.0[0.0]

100.0[11.25]

90.0[28.75]

< 0.001

Fatigue

75.0[50.0]

50.0[47.90]

41.65[50.0]

0.008

Sleep

50.0[75.0]

64.5[75.0]

68.75[65.63]

0.94

Total Score

88.73[12.28]

84.79[17.61]

77.72[15.72]

< 0.001