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Table 2 Diabetes HL, self-efficacy, self-care behaviors, and medical examination results of participants

From: Health literacy, self-efficacy, self-care behaviors, and glycemic control among older adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a cross-sectional study in Thai communities

Variable

n (%)

Mean ± SD (Min – Max)

Total HL

 

20.94 ± 3.93 (13–30)

 

Functional literacy (scores ≤ 20)

219(52.9%)

 
 

Interactive literacy (scores 21–27)

149(36.0%)

 
 

Critical literacy (scores ≥ 28)

46(11.1%)

 
 

Domain

  
  

Access skills

 

2.94 ± 1.06 (2–5)

  

Cognitive skills

 

3.50 ± 0.79 (2–5)

  

Communication skills

 

3.79 ± 0.59 (2–5)

  

Decision skills

 

3.75 ± 0.69 (2–5)

  

Self-management skills

 

3.95 ± 0.78 (2–5)

  

Media skill

 

3.01 ± 0.78 (2–5)

Self-efficacy

 

20.17 ± 3.08 (16–28)

 

Low level (scores ≤ 17)

140(33.8%)

 
 

Moderate level (scores 18–23)

212(51.2%)

 
 

High level (scores ≥ 24)

62(15.0%)

 

Self-care behaviors

 

98.86 ± 16.91 (78–198)

 

Low level (scores ≤ 89)

170(41.1%)

 
 

Moderate level (scores 90–119)

146(35.3%)

 
 

High level (scores ≥ 120)

98(23.6%)

 

BMI (kg/m2)

 

22.67 ± 2.85 (16.0–36.2)

 

Underweight (< 18.5)

20(4.8%)

 
 

Normal (18.5–22.9)

235(56.8%)

 
 

Overweight (23.0-29.9)

92(22.2%)

 
 

Obesity (≥ 30)

67 (16.2%

 

SBP

 

141 ± 16 (101–186)

 

< 140 mmHg

194(46.9%)

 
 

≥ 140 mmHg

220(53.1%)

 

DBP

 

80 ± 8 (60–106)

 

< 90 mmHg

364(87.9%)

 
 

≥ 90 mmHg

50(12.1%)

 

eGFR (ml/min/1.73m2)

 

78.3 ± 20.4 (27.3–120.1)

 

G1-Normal (≥ 90)

163(39.4%)

 
 

G2-Mildly decreased (60–89)

148(35.7%)

 
 

G3a-Mildly to moderately decreased (45–59)

81(19.6%)

 
 

G3b-Moderately to severely decreased (30–44)

20(4.8%)

 
 

G4-Severely decreased (15–29)

2(0.5%)

 
 

G5-Kidney failure (< 15)

0(0.0%)

 

FBS (mg/dL)

 

108.5 ± 29.5 (56–256)

 

Normal (< 100)

222(53.6%)

 
 

Impaired fasting glucose (100–125)

120(29.0%)

 
 

Abnormal (≥ 126)

72(17.4%)

 

HbA1c (%)

 

6.58 ± 1.21 (3.50–11.00)

 

Normal (< 6.5)

205(49.5%)

 
 

Abnormal (≥ 6.5)

209(50.5%)

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