Table 2 Adjusted effect of grip strength on death

Absolute grip strength

0.968

0.958

0.978

< 0.0001

Relative grip strength

0.780

0.634

0.960

0.019

CESD

1.000

0.979

1.020

0.964

1.004

0.983

1.025

0.736

MMSE

0.972

0.961

0.982

< 0.0001

0.967

0.957

0.977

< 0.0001

Age

45–54

0.160

0.128

0.199

< 0.0001

0.137

0.110

0.171

< 0.0001

55–64

0.263

0.221

0.312

< 0.0001

0.236

0.199

0.279

< 0.0001

65–74

0.496

0.436

0.563

< 0.0001

0.472

0.416

0.536

< 0.0001

≥ 75

1.000

1.000

Gender

Male

3.322

2.772

3.981

< 0.0001

2.697

2.256

3.224

< 0.0001

Female

1.000

1.000

Education

≤Elementary

1.236

0.990

1.543

0.061

1.276

1.022

1.593

0.032

Middle school

1.071

0.839

1.369

0.581

1.094

0.856

1.398

0.471

High school

1.035

0.822

1.304

0.768

1.043

0.828

1.314

0.723

≥College

1.000

1.000

Smoking status

Non-smoker

0.664

0.574

0.768

< 0.0001

0.661

0.572

0.765

< 0.0001

Former smoker

0.830

0.698

0.986

0.035

0.824

0.693

0.980

0.029

Smoker

1.000

1.000

Alcohol consumption

Nothing

0.827

0.724

0.945

0.005

0.820

0.717

0.936

0.003

Former drinker

0.894

0.741

1.078

0.240

0.908

0.753

1.096

0.315

Drinker

1.000

1.000

Marital status

Married

0.675

0.371

1.228

0.198

0.653

0.359

1.189

0.163

Separated, divorced

0.923

0.503

1.693

0.796

0.891

0.486

1.633

0.708

Single

1.000

1.000

Self-rated health

Very good

0.513

0.329

0.800

0.003

0.471

0.302

0.735

0.001

Good

0.593

0.471

0.747

< 0.0001

0.547

0.435

0.688

< 0.0001

Moderate

0.637

0.519

0.780

< 0.0001

0.602

0.491

0.737

< 0.0001

Bad

0.779

0.648

0.935

0.008

0.761

0.634

0.915

0.004

Very Bad

1.000

1.000

Number of chronic diseases*

0

0.788

0.648

0.958

0.017

0.806

0.662

0.981

0.032

1

0.788

0.654

0.950

0.013

0.804

0.667

0.969

0.022

2

0.930

0.763

1.133

0.471

0.938

0.770

1.144

0.530

≥ 3

1.000

1.000

AIC

25,427

25,463