Table 1 Baseline demographic, clinical characteristics and CPSP prevalence (n = 1065)
Item | Value |
|---|---|
Age (year, mean ± SD) | 70 ± 8 |
Sex, n (%) | Â |
 Male | 492 (46.2) |
 Female | 573 (53.8) |
BMI (Kg/m2, mean ± SD) | 24.0 ± 2.2 |
Living alone, n (%) | Â |
 No | 778 (73.1) |
 Yes | 287 (26.9) |
Preoperative pain at surgical site, n (%) | Â |
 No | 610 (57.3) |
 Yes | 455 (42.7) |
Preoperative pain elsewhere, n (%) | Â |
 No | 793 (74.5) |
 Yes | 272 (25.5) |
Current smoker, n (%) | Â |
 No | 856 (80.4) |
 Yes | 209 (19.6) |
Diabetes, n (%) | Â |
 No | 724 (68.0) |
 Yes | 341 (32.0) |
Hypertension, n (%) | Â |
 No | 577 (54.2) |
 Yes | 488 (45.8) |
Coronary heart disease, n (%) | Â |
 No | 826 (77.6) |
 Yes | 239 (22.4) |
Osteoarthritis, n (%) | Â |
 No | 931 (87.4) |
 Yes | 134 (12.6) |
ASA physical status, n (%) | Â |
 II | 488 (45.8) |
 III | 549 (51.5) |
 IV | 28 (2.6) |
HADS-A score, n (%) | Â |
 < 8 | 722 (67.8) |
 ≥ 8 | 343 (32.2) |
HADS-D score, n (%) | Â |
 < 8 | 671 (63.0) |
 ≥ 8 | 394 (37.0) |
Type of surgery, n (%) | Â |
 Urological | 155 (14.6) |
 Breast | 60 (5.6) |
 Thoracic | 158 (14.8) |
 General | 353 (33.1) |
 Orthopedic | 339 (31.8) |
Surgical approach, n (%) | Â |
 Minimal invasive | 652 (61.2) |
 Open | 413 (38.8) |
Type of anesthesia, n (%) | Â |
 General | 959 (90.0) |
 Regional | 106 (10.0) |
Nerve block use, n (%) | Â |
 No | 591 (55.5) |
 Yes | 474 (44.5) |
Duration of surgery (min, mean ± SD) | 125 ± 47 |
Average pain intensity at rest within 24 h postoperatively (mean ± SD) | 2.0 ± 0.9 |
Average pain intensity on movement within 24 h postoperatively (mean ± SD) | 3.9 ± 1.3 |
Surgical site infection, n (%) | Â |
 No | 969 (91.0) |
 Yes | 96 (9.0) |
Pain at 3 months, n (%, 95%CI) | 379 (35.6, 32.7–38.8) |
Pain at 6 months, n (%, 95%CI) | 229 (21.5, 19.0–23.9 ) |