Availability of healthy foods, fruit and vegetable consumption, and cognition among urban older adults

BMC Geriatrics

Table 3 Results from multilevel models (outcome: Symbol Match (processing speed))

Fixed effects	Estimate (SE)	95% CI	p-value
Intercept	3.362 (0.200)	[2.968, 3.757]	< 0.001
Objective availability of healthy foods	-0.063 (0.045)	[-0.151, 0.025]	0.159
Subjective availability of healthy foods	-0.176 (0.060)	[-0.293, -0.059]	0.003
Linear session	-0.008 (0.001)	[-0.010, -0.006]	< 0.001
Quadratic session	0.000 (0.000)	[0.000, 0.000]	< 0.001
Linear time of day	0.006 (0.001)	[0.004, 0.008]	< 0.001
Quadratic time of day	0.002 (0.000)	[0.001, 0.002]	< 0.001
Age	0.033 (0.011)	[0.012, 0.055]	0.003
Female	-0.138 (0.107)	[-0.347, 0.071]	0.197
nHB^a vs. nHW^b	0.265 (0.121)	[0.028, 0.503]	0.029
Other race vs. nHW^b	0.239 (0.139)	[-0.034, 0.513]	0.086
Below HS vs. HS^c	0.685 (0.250)	[0.195, 1.175]	0.006
Associates/Bachelors vs. HS	-0.034 (0.118)	[-0.264, 0.197]	0.775
Graduate vs. HS	0.072 (0.135)	[-0.193, 0.337]	0.595
Financial situation	-0.011 (0.025)	[-0.061, 0.038]	0.653
ADI^d	0.010 (0.021)	[-0.031, 0.051]	0.640
Random effects
Var (Intercept)	0.664 (0.059)		< 0.001
Var (Session)	0.000 (0.000)		< 0.001
Var (Time)	0.000 (0.000)		< 0.001
Covar (Intercept, Session)	-0.001 (0.000)		0.000
Covar (Intercept, Time)	0.001 (0.001)		0.397
Covar (Session, Time)	0.000 (0.000)		0.642
Residual	0.283 (0.003)		< 0.001

Note. Unit: Response time in seconds. Higher scores mean low cognitive function.
^a nHB = non-Hispanic Blacks; ^b nHW = non-Hispanic Whites; ^c HS = High school completion;
^d Area Deprivation Index

ISSN: 1471-2318