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Table 1 Descriptive statistics (N = 315)

From: Availability of healthy foods, fruit and vegetable consumption, and cognition among urban older adults

Variable

Mean (SD) or %

Range

Age

77.46 (4.84)

70 to 91

Female

67.62%

-

Race

  

 Non-Hispanic Whites

45.71%

-

 Non-Hispanic Blacks

40.32%

-

 Other race

13.97%

-

Years of education

  

 Below high school completion

5.71%

-

 High school diploma/GED

43.17%

-

 Associates/Bachelors

26.03%

-

 Masters/ Doctorate

25.08%

-

Objective availability of healthy foods

1.09 (0.99)

0 to 5.12

Subjective availability of healthy foods

3.93 (0.83)

1 to 5

Area Deprivation Index

5.81 (2.29)

1 to 10

Financial situation

7.05 (2.18)

0 to 10

Fruit and vegetable consumption

2.25 (0.63)

1 to 3

Daily walking minutes

19.19 (35.43)

0 to 240

History of hypertension

66.88%

 

History of diabetes

23.25%

 

Number of EMA sessions completed

70.17 (15.25)

14 to 97

Symbol Match (seconds) a,b

3.25 (0.89)

1.27 to 6.91

Color-Shape Binding (d prime) a,c

0.63 (0.29)

-0.06 to 0.99

Grid Memory (Euclidean error distance) a,d

2.25 (0.85)

0.12 to 4.26

  1. a Measures are aggregated across all sessions for each person.
  2. b Unit: Response time in seconds. Higher scores mean low cognitive function.
  3. c Unit: d prime (z(H) - z(F)). Higher scores mean better cognitive function (more accurate responses with fewer false alarms).
  4. d Unit: Euclidean error distance. Higher scores mean worse cognitive function.