Table 1 Demographic characteristics of study participants
Characteristic | Female (N = 1,325) | Male (N = 567) | Total (N = 1,892) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years), Mean ± SD | 80.6 ± 7.4 | 80.7 ± 8.0 | 80.7 ± 7.6 | 0.038 |
Age group, n (%) | Â | Â | Â | 0.061 |
65–69 | 130 (9.8) | 75 (13.2) | 205 (10.8) |  |
70–74 | 171 (12.9) | 62 (10.9) | 233 (12.3) |  |
75–79 | 230 (17.4) | 81 (14.3) | 311 (16.4) |  |
80–84 | 360 (27.2) | 147 (25.9) | 507 (26.8) |  |
≥ 85 | 434 (32.8) | 202 (35.6) | 636 (33.6) |  |
Independent living, n (%) | 153 (11.5) | 58 (10.2) | 211 (11.2) | 0.404 |
Living in urban areas, n (%) | 1,004 (75.8) | 405 (71.4) | 1,409 (74.5) | 0.047 |
Education, n (%) |  |  |  | < 0.001 |
No education | 339 (25.6) | 87 (15.3) | 426 (22.5) | Â |
Primary school or lower | 399 (30.1) | 179 (31.6) | 578 (30.5) | Â |
Junior high school | 308 (23.2) | 162 (28.6) | 470 (24.8) | Â |
Senior high school or technical secondary school | 161 (12.2) | 68 (12.0) | 229 (12.1) | Â |
University or higher | 118 (8.9) | 71 (12.5) | 189 (10.0) | Â |
Using assistive device, n (%) | 508 (38.3) | 231 (40.7) | 739 (39.1) | 0.327 |
Having sleeping problem, n (%) | 728 (54.9) | 305 (53.8) | 1,033 (54.6) | 0.645 |
Urinate in night, n (%) | 978 (73.8) | 436 (76.9) | 1,414 (74.7) | 0.157 |