Comorbid pain and falls among Chinese older adults: the association, healthcare utilization and the role of subjective and objective physical functioning

Table 3 Association between pain-fall status and healthcare utilization among Chinese older adults (N = 4,461)

Variables	Total hospitalization costs (n = 4,159)			Number of inpatient cares (n = 4,192)			Number of doctor visits (n = 4,137)
	β	95% CI	p	IRR	95% CI	p	IRR	95% CI	p
Pain-fall status
Neither pain nor falls	ref			ref			ref
Comorbid pain &falls	132.07	-426.44, 690.58	0.643	1.55	1.13, 2.13	0.010	1.82	1.37, 2.41	< 0.001
Pain-only	119.18	-281.77, 520.13	0.560	1.55	1.22, 1.97	< 0.001	2.09	1.71, 2.57	< 0.001
Fall-only	761.71	207.82, 1315.61	0.007	1.60	1.16, 2.21	< 0.001	1.93	1.45, 2.55	< 0.001
Age, years	15.17	-10.25, 40.59	0.242	1.02	1.01, 1.04	< 0.001	1.00	0.98, 1.01	0.550
Female	-386.18	-710.04, -62.32	0.019	0.80	0.65, 0.97	0.030	0.98	0.82, 1.16	0.780
Married	334.81	-73.03, 742.65	0.108	1.42	1.09, 1.84	0.010	0.98	0.79, 1.21	0.820
Upper secondary or higher education	1035.05	301.59, 1768.50	0.006	1.41	0.92, 2.14	0.110	0.84	0.56, 1.28	0.420
Rural residency	-361.35	-699.09, -23.61	0.036	0.92	0.75, 1.13	0.430	0.92	0.77, 1.10	0.350
Had public insurance	529.96	-87.33, 1147.26	0.092	1.50	0.97, 2.31	0.070	1.42	1.01, 2.00	0.050
Annual income
≤ ¥1000	ref			ref			ref
≤ ¥6000	-187.49	-1114.10, 739.12	0.692	0.66	0.33, 1.31	0.230	0.89	0.54, 1.47	0.650
> ¥6000	-485.88	-1284.52, 312.76	0.233	0.55	0.3, 1.01	0.050	0.68	0.43, 1.08	0.110
Comorbidities	272.46	161.38, 383.54	< 0.001	1.34	1.26, 1.43	< 0.001	1.19	1.12, 1.26	< 0.001
CESD-10	1.31	-25.77, 28.39	0.925	1.03	1.01, 1.04	< 0.001	1.02	1.01, 1.04	< 0.001

Note. β = Unstandardized coefficient; IRR = Incidence rate ratios; CI = confidence interval; CESD-10 = the 10-item Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale

ISSN: 1471-2318