Fig. 1

Propensity score matched (PSM) association of laxatives use with incidence of dementia. ^a Covariates-adjusted models, propensity-score match models, and IPTW models were adjusted for sex, age, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, education attainment, current employment status, smoking status, alcohol consumption, physical activity, diet, BMI, heart disease, stroke, diabetes, hypertension, depression, cholesterol levels, constipation, and genetic risk. CI, confidence interval; HR, hazard ratio; IPTW, Inverse Probability of Treatment Weighting