Table 1 Study population characteristics by frailty status
Without frailty (CFS < 4) n = 342 | With frailty (CFS ≥ 4) n = 70 | |
|---|---|---|
Age, years | 53.0 (45.0–65.0) | 81.0 (77.0–88.0) |
Male sex, n (%) | 218 (63.7%) | 35 (50.0%) |
Body mass index, (kg/m2) | 26.6 (24.1–29.9) | 24.1 (21.5–27.8) |
Charlson Comorbidity Index | 1.0 (0.0–3.0) | 6.0 (5.0–7.0) |
Hypertension, n (%) | 67 (19.6%) | 33 (47.1%) |
Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 48 (14.0%) | 19 (27.1%) |
Cardiac conditions, n (%) | 32 (9.4%) | 31 (44.3%) |
Chronic kidney disease, n (%) | 4 (1.2%) | 18 (25.7%) |
COPD, n (%) | 10 (2.9%) | 15 (21.4%) |
Asthma, n (%) | 39 (11.4%) | 5 (7.1%) |
Malignancy, n (%) | 16 (4.7%) | 14 (20.0%) |
Current or previous smoking, n (%) | 96 (28.7%) | 28 (40.6%) |