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Table 7 Between-group comparisons of outcome variables across three time points and the effect size

From: A dyadic advance care planning intervention for people with early-stage dementia and their family caregivers in a community care setting: a feasibility trial

Outcome

Mean (SD)

Group effect

Time effect

Group*Time effect

Effect Size

(d)

Intervention

Control

β (95% CI)

p

β (95% CI)

p

β (95% CI)

p

ACP Engagement: Self-efficacy subscale

T0

3.57 (1.28)

3.13 (1.14)

0.44 (-0.33, 1.22)

.259

 

-

-

-

-

T1

4.13 (1.23)

3.00 (1.05)

  

-0.12 (-0.89, 0.58)

.741

0.63 (-0.27, 1.53)

.170

0.99

T2

4.02 (0.89)

3.04 (1.34)

  

-0.14 (-0.88, 0.61)

.723

0.57 (-0.40, 1.53)

.253

0.86

T3

4.00 (1.29)

2.52 (1.69)

  

-0.74 (-1.63, 0.15)

.105

1.16 (0.11, 2.20)

.030

0.98

ACP Engagement: Readiness subscale

T0

1.74 (1.08)

1.06 (0.13)

0.68 (0.19, 1.16)

.007

-

-

-

-

-

T1

2.49 (1.00)

1.20 (0.28)

  

0.14 (-0.01, 0.28)

.070

0.54 (0.15, 0.92)

.006

1.76

T2

2.13 (0.99)

1.41 (0.50)

  

0.34 (0.10, 0.57)

.006

-0.02 (-0.52, 0.47)

.925

0.92

T3

2.24 (1.17)

1.18 (0.34)

  

0.06 (-0.14, 0.27)

.538

0.38 (-0.06, 0.82)

.088

1.23

Life Support Preferences Questionnaire

T0

3.61 (2.68)

3.39 (3.22)

-0.94 (-2.61, 0.72)

.267

-

-

-

-

-

T1

7.00 (1.37)

3.29 (2.71)

  

0.23 (-1.13,1.59)

.744

2.83 (1.02, 4.65)

.001

1.73

T2

6.07 (2.02)

2.69 (3.03)

  

-0.22 (-1.86, 1.45)

.805

2.49 (0.28, 4.69)

.027

1.31

T3

6.40 (2.44)

3.14 (3.11)

  

-0.97 (-2.54, 0.60)

.224

3.64 (1.52, 5.75)

.002

1.17

Cornell Scale for Depression in Dementia

T0

5.17 (4.63)

6.28 (6.36)

-1.11 (-4.64, 2.42)

.538

-

-

-

-

-

T1

4.06 (4.77)

3.29 (2.27)

  

-2.97 (-5.98, 0.04)

.053

1.76 (-1.74, 5.26)

.324

0.21

T2

3.20 (2.27)

2.56 (2.66)

  

-3.64 (-6.99, -0.29)

.033

1.54 (-2.44, 5.52)

.449

0.26

T3

2.53 (3.31)

3.07 (2.87)

  

-3.15 (-5.88, -0.41)

.024

0.48 (-2.96, 3.91)

.786

0.17

Zarit Burden Interview

T0

10.67 (5.64)

12.22 (10.58)

-1.56 (-6.94, 3.83)

.571

-

-

-

-

-

T1

11.25 (7.50)

9.82 (8.24)

  

-2.94 (-5.96, 0.09)

.057

3.23 (-0.41, 6.86)

.082

0.18

T2

11.07 (7.12)

7.44 (5.69)

  

-5.50 (-9.72, -1.27)

.011

4.97 (0.23, 9.72)

.040

0.56

T3

8.53 (8.50)

8.64 (6.08)

  

-3.90 (-8.15, 0.35)

.072

1.07 (-4.33, 6.47)

.697

0.01

  1. Generalized estimating equations; T0: baseline assessment; T1: immediately post-intervention; T2: 1-month post-intervention; T3: 3-month post-intervention; adjusted for living status and Global Deterioration Scale of participants with dementia