The effects of high versus low frequency of combined physical and cognitive training on cognitive function in older adults with cognitive decline: a quasi-experimental study

Table 2 Descriptive and inferential statistics for the outcome measures

Outcome Measure	Low Frequency (n = 40)		High Frequency (n = 49)			Mixed ANOVA
	Pre-training	Post-training	Pre-training	Post-training	Group	Time	Group by Time
	Mean (SD)	Mean (SD)	Mean (SD)	Mean (SD)	P				η²
MoCA	21.80 (4.32)	23.25 (4.06)^a	24.20 (4.7)	25.12 (4.63)^a	0.023	< 0.001		0.262	0.014
DSST	32.72 (15.83)	34.31 (15.65)	45.14 (21.94)	48.43 (22.43)^a	0.002	0.001		0.224	0.017
WL-IM	20.10 (7.27)	21.4(7.59)	25.31 (8.65)	29.8 (9.68)^a	< 0.001	< 0.001		0.004	0.091
WL-DM	4.43 (3.13)	7.43 (3.24)^a	5.1 (3.7)	5.9 (3.47)	0.504	< 0.001		0.003	0.100
SCWT	21.64 (10.03)	32.33 (25.88)	24.68 (16.10)	21.73 (14.23)	0.294	0.172		0.017	0.067

Abbreviations: ANOVA analysis of variance, MoCA Montreal Cognitive Assessment, DSST Digit Symbol Substitution Test, WL-IM Word List-Immediate memory from Wechsler Memory Test, WL-DM Word List-Delayed memory from Wechsler Memory Test, SCWT Stroop Color Word Test, HF high frequency, LF low frequency, SD standard deviation
^a < 0.05, when the score was greater than the pre-training score

ISSN: 1471-2318