Baseline Characteristics | With diagnosed behavioral symptoms N = 10,408 | Without diagnosed behavioral symptoms N = 52,493 | P-value |
---|---|---|---|
Age | |||
Mean (SD) | 84.4 (7.6) | 84.3 (7.6) | 0.3092 |
Age-group N (%) | |||
65–69 | 367 (3.5) | 1,971 (3.7) | 0.4396 |
70–74 | 821 (7.9) | 4,080 (7.8) | |
75–79 | 1,485 (14.3) | 7,486 (14.3) | |
80–84 | 2,232 (21.4) | 11,582 (22.1) | |
85 + | 5,503 (52.9) | 27,374 (52.1) | |
Index Year N (%) | |||
2016 | 7,509 (72.2) | 38,669 (73.7) | 0.0008 |
2017 | 2,073 (19.9) | 10,129 (19.3) | |
2018 | 826 (7.9) | 3,695 (7.0) | |
Gender N (%) | |||
Female | 6,253 (60.1) | 32,547 (62.0) | 0.0002 |
Male | 4,155 (39.9) | 19,946 (38.0) | |
Plan Type N (%) | |||
Comprehensive | 5,503 (52.9) | 27,040 (51.5) | < .0001 |
Exclusive Provider Organization | 2 (0.0) | 22 (0.0) | |
Health Maintenance Organization | 409 (3.9) | 2,193 (4.2) | |
Point of service | 146 (1.4) | 855 (1.6) | |
Preferred Provider Organizations | 4,010 (38.5) | 20,298 (38.7) | |
Point of service with capitation | 165 (1.6) | 1,241 (2.4) | |
Consumer-driven health plan | 44 (0.4) | 270 (0.5) | |
High deductible health plan | 6 (0.1) | 58 (0.1) | |
Unknown (Missing) | 123 (1.2) | 516 (1.0) | |
Urbanicity N (%) | |||
Rural | 2,629 (25.3) | 13,576 (25.9) | 0.2020 |
Urban | 7,779 (74.7) | 38,917 (74.1) | |
Geographic Region N (%) | |||
Northeast | 2,972 (28.5) | 14,250 (27.1) | < .0001 |
North Central | 3,690 (35.4) | 17,474 (33.3) | |
South | 2,913 (28.0) | 15,929 (30.3) | |
West | 822 (7.9) | 4,778 (9.1) | |
Unknown | 11 (0.1) | 62 (0.1) | |
Clinical Characteristics | |||
Elixhauser Index Score | |||
Mean (SD) | 5.4 (4.7) | 4.6 (4.4) | < .0001 |
Comorbidities in the baseline period N (%) | |||
Congestive Heart Failure | 1,734 (16.7) | 7,259 (13.8) | < .0001 |
Cardiac Arrhythmia | 3,119 (30.0) | 13,623 (26.0) | < .0001 |
Valvular Disease | 1,287 (12.4) | 5,666 (10.8) | < .0001 |
Pulmonary Circulation Disorders | 353 (3.4) | 1,450 (2.8) | 0.0006 |
Peripheral Vascular Disorders | 2,417 (23.2) | 10,051 (19.1) | < .0001 |
Hypertension Uncomplicated | 6,920 (66.5) | 32,477 (61.9) | < .0001 |
Hypertension Complicated | 1,232 (11.8) | 5,116 (9.7) | < .0001 |
Paralysis | 258 (2.5) | 943 (1.8) | < .0001 |
Other Neurological Disorders | 2,985 (28.7) | 11,215 (21.4) | < .0001 |
Chronic Pulmonary Disease | 1,846 (17.7) | 8,072 (15.4) | < .0001 |
Diabetes Uncomplicated | 2,506 (24.1) | 11,489 (21.9) | < .0001 |
Diabetes Complicated | 1,694 (16.3) | 7,880 (15) | 0.0011 |
Hypothyroidism | 1,839 (17.7) | 8,682 (16.5) | 0.0051 |
Renal Failure | 1,461 (14.0) | 6,382 (12.2) | < .0001 |
Liver Disease | 208 (2.0) | 908 (1.7) | 0.0615 |
Peptic Ulcer Disease, excluding bleeding | 85 (0.8) | 336 (0.6) | 0.0482 |
AIDS/HIV | 6 (0.1) | 32 (0.1) | 1.0000 |
Lymphoma | 71 (0.7) | 457 (0.9) | 0.0596 |
Metastatic Cancer | 83 (0.8) | 374 (0.7) | 0.3436 |
Solid Tumor without Metastasis | 810 (7.8) | 3,903 (7.4) | 0.2214 |
Rheumatoid Arthritis/collagen | 366 (3.5) | 1,772 (3.4) | 0.4773 |
Coagulopathy | 375 (3.6) | 1,503 (2.9) | < .0001 |
Obesity | 415 (4.0) | 1,927 (3.7) | 0.1192 |
Weight Loss | 824 (7.9) | 2,984 (5.7) | < .0001 |
Fluid and Electrolyte Disorders | 2,000 (19.2) | 6,922 (13.2) | < .0001 |
Blood Loss Anemia | 173 (1.7) | 684 (1.3) | 0.0047 |
Deficiency Anemia | 783 (7.5) | 3,130 (6.0) | < .0001 |
Alcohol Abuse | 178 (1.7) | 525 (1.0) | < .0001 |
Drug Abuse | 91 (0.9) | 299 (0.6) | 0.0006 |
Depression | 2,743 (26.4) | 9,237 (17.6) | < .0001 |
Medications N (%) | |||
Antidepressant Medications | 4829 (46.4) | 20,959 (39.9) | < .0001 |
Antipsychotic Medications | 2397 (23.0) | 5173 (9.9) | < .0001 |
ASH/Benzodiazepines | 1882 (18.1) | 6250 (11.9) | < .0001 |
ASH not elsewhere classified | 605 (5.8) | 2,365 (4.5) | < .0001 |