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Table 1 General characteristics of participants based on sarcopenia and central obesity status

From: The effect of combining nutrient intake and physical activity levels on central obesity, sarcopenia, and sarcopenic obesity: a population-based cross-sectional study in South Korea

 

Healthy control

Central obesity

p value

Sarcopenia

Sarcopenic obesity

p value

p valuea

All subjects

1167

858

 

814

132

  

Age, years (Mean ± SE)

71.9 ± 0.2

72.2 ± 0.2

0.213

73.5 ± 0.2

74.0 ± 0.5

0.337

 < 0.001

 65 − 69

456 (38.4)

345 (34.9)

0.503

210 (26.9)

28 (20.6)

0.658

 < 0.001

 70 − 74

375 (30.5)

295 (33.8)

 

251 (27.5)

46 (30.2)

  

 75 − 79

219 (19.6)

141 (20.2)

 

214 (26.8)

36 (28.3)

  

  ≥ 80

117 (11.4)

77 (11.1)

 

139 (18.8)

22 (21.0)

  

Sex

  

0.028

  

0.002

 < 0.001

 Male

432 (37.0)

269 (31.3)

 

512 (60.1)

62 (42.9)

  

 Female

735 (63.0)

589 (68.7)

 

302 (39.9)

70 (57.1)

  

Marital status

  

0.288

  

0.017

0.003

 Spouse/partner present

759 (61.7)

537 (58.7)

 

589 (68.9)

81 (56.0)

  

 Spouse/partner absent (separated, divorced, widowed, or never married)

406 (38.3)

318 (41.3)

 

222 (31.1)

51 (44.0)

  

Educational level

  

0.943

  

0.092

0.290

 Elementary school graduate or less

878 (75.0)

640 (75.1)

 

561 (69.9)

99 (79.0)

  

 Middle school graduate

113 (10.0)

93 (10.5)

 

106 (13.4)

18 (12.0)

  

 High school graduate

116 (9.8)

85 (9.9)

 

93 (10.3)

11 (6.8)

  

 College graduate or more

55 (5.2)

38 (4.5)

 

48 (6.4)

4 (2.1)

  

Household income

  

0.386

  

0.172

0.125

 First quartile (lowest)

618 (51.2)

445 (51.3)

 

471 (58.0)

65 (47.3)

  

 Second quartile

287 (25.1)

203 (23.3)

 

181 (23.1)

37 (28.4)

  

 Third quartile

148 (13.9)

98 (12.6)

 

78 (10.1)

22 (17.7)

  

 Fourth quartile (highest)

96 (9.8)

101 (12.8)

 

67 (8.9)

5 (6.6)

  

Smoking

  

0.070

  

0.009

 < 0.001

 Never-smokers

739 (62.1)

581 (67.0)

 

340 (41.5)

72 (56.9)

  

 Former smokers

120 (11.7)

86 (11.8)

 

137 (17.0)

13 (10.1)

  

 Current smokers

307 (26.2)

191 (21.2)

 

337 (41.5)

47 (33.0)

  

Frequency of binge drinking

  

0.971

  

0.301

0.602

 Lifetime abstainer

611 (52.2)

443 (52.2)

 

375 (46.9)

78 (58.3)

  

 Never in the previous year

317 (26.9)

225 (25.6)

 

252 (30.4)

24 (21.0)

  

 Once a month or less

139 (12.1)

112 (12.7)

 

104 (11.4)

17 (10.9)

  

 Once a week

53 (5.2)

46 (5.8)

 

40 (6.0)

7 (5.2)

  

 Almost daily

46 (3.7)

31 (3.7)

 

41 (5.3)

6 (4.6)

  

Presence of diabetes

  

 < 0.001

  

0.019

 < 0.001

 No

981 (82.0)

614 (70.5)

 

612 (72.9)

89 (65.8)

  

 Yes

105 (9.3)

170 (18.5)

 

98 (13.2)

29 (24.2)

  

 Unknown

81 (8.7)

74 (11.0)

 

104 (13.9)

14 (10.0)

  
  1. Abbreviation: KNHANES Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
  2. All data analyses conducted in the present study were based on weighted estimates with sample weight provided by KNHANES
  3. Continuous variables are presented as mean ± standard error, and categorical variables are presented as n (%)
  4. a Indicates statistical significance between the four groups