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Table 3 Risk factors for frailty in multinomial logistic regression

From: Prevalence and association of frailty with SARS-CoV-2 infection in older adults in Southern Switzerland—Findings from the Corona Immunitas Ticino Study

Frailty status

Relative risk ratio

p value

95% CI

Robust

Base outcome

Pre-frailty

 Age group (per 5-year group)

1.28

0.006

1.07–1.52

 Sex (male vs female)

1.40

0.065

0.98–1.99

 Income satisfaction (per level)a

0.79

0.184

0.56–1.12

 Education level (per level)b

0.73

0.056

0.53–1.01

 Smoking status (per level)c

0.92

0.528

0.71–1.20

Frailty

 Age group (per 5-year group)

1.90

0.000

1.45–2.50

 Sex (male vs female)

1.22

0.513

0.67–2.21

 Income satisfaction (per level)a

0.44

0.006

0.25–0.79

 Education level (per level)b

0.63

0.072

0.38–1.04

 Smoking status (per level)c

0.99

0.969

0.64–1.53

  1. Notes:
  2. CI confidence interval
  3. aIncome satisfaction: 1 = not enough, 2 = enough, 3 = more than enough
  4. bEducation level: 1 = none, 2 = compulsory education, 3 = higher secondary education, 4 = university education
  5. cSmoking status: 1 = non-smoker, 2 = past smoker, 3 = current smoker