Table 5 Multivariable quantile regression on hospitalization costs of surgical patients

Age (ref ≥ 90)

 65–69

(-0.72–1.33)

(-0.53–0.72)

0.29

(-0.12–0.71)

(-0.32–0.70)

(-0.46–1.24)

 70–74

(-0.75–1.40)

(-0.57–0.63)

0.13

(-0.27–0.53)

(-0.27–0.69)

(-0.54–1.14)

 75–79

(-0.77–1.26)

(-0.54–0.66)

0.28

(-0.14–0.69)

(-0.25–0.74)

(-0.39–1.34)

 80–84

(-0.96–1.03)

(-0.59–0.57)

0.15

(-0.24–0.54)

(-0.42–0.63)

(-0.60–1.14)

 85–89

(-0.78–1.78)

(-0.77–0.71)

0.28

(-0.21–0.78)

(-0.24–0.77)

(-0.57–1.23)

Gender: Male (ref = Female)

(-0.27–0.23)

(-0.13–0.12)

-0.09

(-0.18–0.01)

(-0.26–-0.03)

(-0.31–-0.03)

Medical Payment type (ref = Other)

 Basic Medical Insurance

(-0.61–0.07)

(-0.26–0.16)

0

(-0.18–0.18)

(-0.27–0.13)

(-0.41–0.14)

 Entire self-pay

(-0.60–0.09)

(-0.48–-0.01)

0.09

(-0.13–0.31)

(-0.10–0.24)

(-0.24–0.17)

Cause of injury (ref = Other)

 Falls (W00-W19)

(0.15–0.86)

(0.12–0.58)

0.27*

(0.05–0.48)

(0.00–0.46)

(-0.13–0.33)

 Transport accidents (V01-V99)

(-0.27–0.49)

(-0.09–0.48)

0.22

(-0.05–0.49)

(-0.11–0.37)

(-0.40–0.24)

 Exposure to inanimate mechanical forces (W20-W49)

(-0.13–0.99)

(-0.41–0.27)

-0.01

(-0.29–0.28)

(-0.32–0.37)

(-0.62–0.22)

 Exposure to animate mechanical forces (W50-W64)

(-5.10–4.77)

(-3.52–1.93)

-0.59

(-3.13–1.95)

(-2.71–3.80)

(-4.16–4.01)

Type of injury (ref = Other)

 Injuries to the head (S00-S09)

(-0.19–0.67)

(-0.03–0.49)

0.34**

(0.10–0.58)

(-0.02–0.46)

(0.06–0.61)

 Injuries to the hip and thigh (S70-S79)

(0.37–1.25)

(0.29–0.84)

0.42***

(0.22–0.63)

(0.05–0.40)

(0.03–0.42)

 Injuries to the abdomen, lower back, lumbar spine and pelvis (S30-S39)

(-0.35–1.08)

(-0.26–0.47)

0.15

(-0.19–0.49)

(-0.16–0.57)

(-0.19–0.59)

 Injuries to the thorax (S20-S29)

(0.27–2.41)

(0.41–1.29)

0.68***

(0.45–0.91)

(-0.19–0.81)

(-0.55–0.90)

 Injuries to the knee and lower leg (S80-S89)

(-0.02–0.79)

(-0.20–0.35)

0.22

(-0.02–0.45)

(-0.05–0.37)

(-0.05–0.38)

ISS (ref < 16)

 16–24

(0.29–1.23)

(0.11–0.68)

0.33**

(0.10–0.57)

(0.25–0.67)

(0.11–0.58)

  ≥ 25

(-0.66–1.72)

(-0.15–1.11)

0.39*

(0.02–0.75)

(0.10–0.85)

(-0.11–0.79)

Multimorbidity (ref = no NCD)

 one NCD

(-0.61–-0.01)

(-0.36–0.07)

0.01

(-0.15–0.18)

(-0.17–0.13)

(-0.13–0.24)

 two NCD

(-0.37–0.41)

(-0.09–0.32)

0.16

(-0.01–0.32)

(0.08–0.45)

(0.01–0.51)

 three or more NCD

(-0.17–0.48)

(-0.04–0.36)

0.20*

(0.04–0.35)

(0.09–0.43)

(0.03–0.49)

CCI ≥ 3 (ref < 3)

(-0.29–0.55)

(-0.25–0.25)

-0.03

(-0.21–0.16)

(-0.31–0.06)

(-0.35–0.12)

LOS (ref ≤ 7)

 8–14

(0.25–1.05)

(0.32–0.80)

0.76***

(0.54–0.97)

(0.45–0.93)

(0.29–0.87)

 15–28

(0.89–1.59)

(0.87–1.29)

1.08***

(0.91–1.26)

(0.74–1.18)

(0.53–1.02)

  ≥ 29

(0.99–2.03)

(1.23–1.76)

1.53***

(1.29–1.76)

(1.04–1.54)

(0.89–1.56)

Mode of admission: Emergency admission (ref = Outpatient admission)

(-0.20–0.19)

(-0.16–0.10)

-0.06

(-0.16–0.04)

(-0.16–0.07)

(-0.26–-0.01)

Admission status (ref = Generalstatus)

 Critically ill status

(-1.12–0.97)

(-0.69–0.54)

0.17

(-0.30–0.64)

(-0.16–0.99)

(-0.19–0.77)

 Urgent status

(-0.16–0.51)

(-0.08–0.31)

-0.10

(-0.29–0.09)

(-0.21–0.16)

(-0.24–0.39)

Transferring to other departments, Yes (ref = No)

(-0.37–0.28)

(-0.03–0.35)

0.21*

(0.03–0.39)

(0.05–0.44)

(-0.03–0.38)

Intensive care, Yes (ref = No)

(-0.15–0.75)

(-0.03–0.53)

0.11

(-0.11–0.32)

(-0.05–0.40)

(-0.54–0.28)

Admission to ICU, Yes (ref = No)

(0.02–0.88)

(-0.04–0.40)

0.15

(-0.03–0.33)

(-0.19–0.20)

(-0.11–0.31)

Blood transfusion, Yes (ref = No)

(-0.19–0.37)

(-0.04–0.31)

0.13*

(0.00–0.25)

(-0.06–0.22)

(-0.06–0.25)

Rescue, Yes (ref = No)

(-0.36–0.56)

(-0.12–0.36)

0.09

(-0.14–0.32)

(-0.22–0.33)

(-0.06–0.50)

Usage of the ventilator, Yes (ref = No)

(-0.48–0.36)

(-0.26–0.23)

0.06

(-0.11–0.21)

(-0.09–0.29)

(-0.20–0.23)

In-hospital mortality, Yes (ref = No)

(-1.39–1.64)

(-0.05–1.24)

0.37*

(0.04–0.70)

(-0.35–0.39)

(-0.89–0.37)